Antibody-antigen based sensor

Luminescent evanescent wave-based sensors use optical fibers and planar waveguides [105,106] as fight-guiding structures, and they are more complex than the absorbance ones. However, such optodes have been satisfactorily applied to measure fluorescence of indicators or labels for the measurement of gas molecules, proteins or labeled antigen-antibody interactions as well as directly in solution [24,107] when immobilized in matrices [23,109]. 

The biosensing devices focus mainly on affinity principles such as antibody -antigen reactions and are based on surface plasmon resonance [25], grating couplers[26] or interferometers [27]. It seems possible to get stable and highly sensitive devices based on these principles [28], and further investigations can lead to miniaturized sensor modules with reduced cost, size and complexity. 

Antibody-based electrochemical detection has been used in many applications for many years. In this section, we present a representative selection of useful applications using different types of antibody-based electrodes and detection principles. In particular, the type of antibody-antigen interaction, the surface modification, and the sensor performance will be addressed. 

Immunosensor a Biosensor (see) which makes use of an antibody-antigen reaction to generate an electronic signal. Enzyme I. are based on competition between antigen and enzyme-linked antigen, so that sensor operation is equivalent to conventional enzyme immunoassay. See Field effect transistor. 

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