Antibiotics aminocyclitol, biosynthesis

A comprehensive review on the biosynthesis of aminocyclitol antibiotics was published by K. L. Rinehart and R. M. Stroshane Most of the biosynthetic studies have been directed to the largest and most important group, the deoxystreptamine-containing antibiotics. The biosynthesis was followed by C-or C-isotope labelling of subunits and determination of the level of activity in isolated intermediates and in final products by degradation, NMR-spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. 

Aminoglycosides. Antibiotics ia the amiaoglycoside group characteristically contain amino sugars and deoxystreptamiae or streptamiae. This family of antibiotics has frequentiy been referred to as aminocyclitol amiaoglycosides. Representative members are streptomycia, neomycin, kanamycia, gentamicin, tobramycia, and amikacin. These antibiotics all inhibit proteia biosynthesis. 

Instead of describing the biosynthesis of the individual sugar components of these antibiotics, it is advantageous to review the biosynthesis of the total molecule. A review on the biosynthesis of aminocyclitol ( aminoglycoside ) antibiotics has appeared.47... 

In an article that focuses particularly on some of the more-recent developments, Grisebach (Freiburg im Breisgau) discusses the biosynthesis of sugar components of antibiotic substances, a field that has shown major advances since the time of the article by Dutcher in Volume 18 of Advances. The chapter constitutes an integrating complement to the articles on aminocyclitol antibiotics by the Umezawas (Volume 30). 

Parry RJ. Investigation of the biosynthesis of aristcromycin. Petroski RJ, McCormick SP. eds. Secondary-Metabolite Biosynthesis and Metabolism. New York Plenum Press, 1992 89-104. Lucher LA. Chen Y-M, Walker JB. Reactions catalyzed by purified L-glutamineiketo-scyllo inositol aminotransferase, an enzyme required for biosynthesis of aminocyclitol antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemothet 1989 33 452-459. 

Aminocyclitol antibiotic. Prod, by Micromonospora olivoasterospora. Weakly active against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Powder. Sol. HjO. Mp 167-169°. Mg +89 (c, 0.46 in H2O). Intermediate in the biosynthesis of Fortimicin A, F-26. 

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