Anti-diarrheal agent

Certain esters have often been employed in attempts to confer organ selectivity to molecules possessing carboxyl functions. Thus, for example, treatment of piperidinecarboxylic acid 76 with N-hydroxysuccinimide and DCC affords the ester 77. In a convergent synthesis, the anion from diphenylacetonitrile (78) is alkylated with dibromoethane to afford the bromide 79. Alkylation of the piperidine derivative 77 with that halide 79 gives the anti-diarrheal agent difenoximide (80). The same sequence starting with the phenoxyethyl ester 81 gives fetoxylate (82). 

Anti diarrheal agents Attapulgite, 1200 mg after each loose bowel movement up to 7 doses daily Donnagel, Kaopectate, Parepectolin, various generic Antidiarrheals should not be used if diarrhea is accompanied by fever > 101°F or if blood or mucus is present in stool. 

Nelfinavir is a non-peptidic inhibitor of the HIV protease. Its most prominent adverse effect is diarrhea, which occurs in up to one-third of individuals. However, the diarrhea is usually mild and can be controlled, if necessary, by anti-diarrheal agents (1). Other adverse effects, including rash, nausea, headache, and weakness, are reported in under 5%. 

Pectin is also used as an additive in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. It acts as an emulsifying agent, to stabilize the product, or to give it the proper consistency. In combination with an antibiotic, pectin has also been used as an anti-diarrheal agent. Some studies have shown that daily doses of pectin may have a small but significant lowering effect on cholesterol levels. 

Pectin is mainly used as a suspending agent and is an ingredient in many anti-diarrheal formulas. As a colloidal solution, it conjugates toxins and enhances the physiological functions of the intestinal system through its physical and chemical properties. 

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