Anti-clockwise direction

Consider the two-dimensional flow shown in Figure A.l. If the velocity gradient dvjdy is positive it tends to cause the element to rotate in the clockwise direction. Similarly, if dvjdx is positive it tends to cause rotation in the anti-clockwise direction. Thus, the quantity dVy/dx — dvjdy gives the net rate of rotation in the anti-clockwise direction as viewed. It is the clockwise direction about a line parallel to the 2-coordinate as viewed in the positive 2-direction. This quantity is the 2-component of the fluid s vorticity a> ... 

This means that the D line of a sodium lamp (Z = 599.6 nm) was used for light, that a temperature of 25 °C was maintained and that a sample containing 1.00 g/mL of the optically active morphine, in a 1 dm tube, produced a rotation of 132° in an anti-clockwise direction. 

Note that while C is in anti-clockwise direction and hence positive, the integral on the right hand of (2.6.14) is in clockwise direction. If we perform this integral also in anti-clockwise direction, then the negative sign can be removed. The integral on the right hand side can be evaluated by the calculus of residues i.e. 

The emf E leads the voltage V in an anti-clockwise direction when the machine is a generator. 

Moreover, for A >2 the (ZA + l)th harmonics are circularly polarized in the anti-clockwise direction (as the incident field is), while the IN - l)th harmonics are circularly polarized in the opposite direction. 

An idealized laminar flow field, i.e. tangential flow in a coaxial cylinder arrangement, can be used to illustrate some of the principles of laminar shear mixing which are relevant to more complex flows in real mixing machinery. Consider the situation in Figure 11.2 in which a line of coloured tracer (minor component) is laid down and its motion is observed as the outer cylinder is rotated in an anti-clockwise direction. 

When 1 = 0, must also equal zero, and the 6 function becomes a constant. Thus, there is no angular variation to the wavefunction, and we obtain an s orbital. When / = I, ntj can have the values 0, 1. For nil = 0, 0(0) = COS0 and we obtain a 2p, orbital, but we do not get the familiar 2p and 2p, orbitals when m,= 1. Instead, we obtain doughnut-shaped orbitals in which the electrons can be circulating in either a clockwise or an anti-clockwise direction, and the wavefunction now has a complex component. 

Using the line OG as the reference line, 0=0, in cylindrical polar coordinates, with 0 being the origin and angles being measured in radians and positive in the anti-clockwise direction, the boundary conditions on GH can be found. Following the example in Batchelor (9) the form of the stream function, ip, for the moving plate flow is... 

The limiting value of X for a braced column will depend on the relative value of the column s end moments that will normally act in the same clockwise or anti-clockwise direction as in case (b) above. If these moments are of approximately equal value then, r , =, C =. l + = 2.7 and a typical approximate limit on X will be given by... 

Fig. 5 Shape and contractility of adherent cells. A circular cell (a) and an elliptical cell (c) with adhesion points along the boundary. The angular coordinates 0 of the focal adhesions are measured in the anti-clockwise direction as shown in subplot (a). Forces measured at the focal adhesions as a function of 0 are shown in (b) for the circular cell and in (d) for the elliptical cell. Data points are obtained from the simulation and bold lines are the best fits, -ve sign of force represents inward pull. In the circular cell, the force is uniform throughout the cytoskeletal network, whereas, in the elliptical cell, elongated shape breaks the uniform force distribution. Highly stressed regions develop along the boundary around p2, p4, p6 and p8 and stresses remain low around pi, p3, p5 and p7.

Progression through the mixer is represented diagrammatically in Figure 2.28, which depicts the cross sectional plane of part of the stator with the rotor cavities passing in an anti-clockwise direction. The lands between the cavities are numbered round in a clockwise direction. Both true cross-sectional representation and flow paths are very complex, but this simplified picture gives a good representation of the overall pattern. 

One fundamental development of reaction theory is illustrated in Fig.3 when following the anti-clockwise direction. Beginning with the TST we have an increase in the level of sophistication as far as the area of dynamic quantum mechanics, and in the same direction a strong decrease in the applicability of the methods to polyatomic systems. In the clockwise direction (r.h.s. of Fig.3) the first methods require knowledge of the whole, analytically described PES of small chemical... 

The path shown in the clockwise direction is a solvent-intervention path. The solvent path follows SN mechanism, as shown in the figure. The path shown in the anti-clockwise direction is a reagent path. 

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