Anthrax pathogenesis

Dendritic cells endocytose Bacillus anthracis spores implications for anthrax pathogenesis. J. Immunol. 174 5545-52. 

Brauell, F.A., 1857. Versuche und Untersuchungen betreffend den Milzbrand des Menschen und der Thiere. Archi. Path. Anat. Physiol. 11, 132-144. Brittingham, K.C., Ruthel, G., Panchal, R.G., et al, 2005. Dendritic cells endo-cytose Bacillus anthracis spores implications for anthrax pathogenesis. J. Immunol. 174, 5545-5552. 

Moayeri M, Leppla SH (2004) The roles of anthrax toxin in pathogenesis. Curr Opin Microbiol 7 19-24... 

Friedlander, A.M. (2000). Anthrax clinical features, pathogenesis, and potential biological warfare threat. Curr. Clin. Top. Infect Dis. 20 335 9. 

Ross, J.M. (1957). The pathogenesis of anthrax following the administration of spores by the respiratory route. J. Path. Bact. LXXIII 485-94. 

Guarner J, Jernigan JA, Shieh WJ, et al. Pathology and pathogenesis of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax. Am J Pathol. 2003 163 701-709. 

The lethal factor (LF) of anthrax, which is responsible for the pathogenesis of anthrax, was found to possess highly specific protease acitivities against mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKs) family, leading to inhibition of one or more signaling pathways.The X-ray crystal-structure analysis revealed that the anthrax LF comprises four domains domain I... 

B anthracis possesses three known virulence factors an antiphagocytic capsule and two protein exotoxins, called the lethal and the edema toxins. The role of the capsule in pathogenesis was demonstrated in the early 1900s, when anthrax strains lacking a capsule were shown to be avirulent.17 In more recent years, the genes encoding synthesis of the... 

It was Koch, in his initial studies on anthrax, who first suggested the importance of toxins. In 1954, Smith and Keppie20 demonstrated a toxic factor in the serum of infected animals that was lethal when injected into other animals. The role of toxins in virulence and immunity was firmly established by many workers in the ensuing years.21-23 Advances in molecular biology in the last decade have produced a more complete understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of action of the toxins and have begun to provide a more definitive picture of their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. 

Limited data regarding the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal B. anthracis infection in any animal model system are available. Barnes (1947) observed that 1 h after inhalational exposure to anthrax spores, the majority of spores were formd in the stomach. Therefore, regardless of the route of exposure, there is a high risk of spores... 

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