Anthocercis

Atropoylnortropan-3cr-ol (aponoratropine) and atropoylscopine (aposcopol-amine) were detected10 in the leaves of Anthotroche myoporoides and Anthocercis genistoides, respectively. 3or-Isobutyryloxytropan-6//-ol and 3or-butyryloxytropane were characterized from aerial parts of Anthocercis albicans. 

A few new alkaloids have been isolated during investigations on Australasian plants. The major alkaloid of two Australian shrubs, Anthocercis viscosa R. Br. and A. fasciculata F. Muell. (fam. Solanaceae), has been identified as (—)-hyo-scyamine. The same base (partly racemic) is one of the seven alkaloidal constituents of A. littorea Labill. another is meteloidine. The major alkaloid, however, is littorine, which has been identified as R-(—)-3a-(2-hydroxy-3-phenylpro-pionyloxy)tropane (1). The isolation of tropane alkaloids from the Anthocercis species justifies the inclusion of this genus in the Solanaceae previously it had been included in the Scrophulariaceae but had recently been transferred to the Solanaceae on botanical grounds. Recently, littorine has also been isolated from Datura sanguinea R. and P. ... 

Anthocercis sp.—370 Anthodiscus pilosus Ducke—269 Anthotroche sp.-370 Apocynum cannabinum L.—262 Arctostaphylos alpina—ipi Arctostaphylospundens HBK-404 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Sprenger-403-... 

El Imam, Y.MA.. and WC. Evans 1984. Tiro-pane alkaloids of species (A Anthocercis, Cyphanthera and Crenidium Planta Me-dica 50 86-87. 

Table 1 Constituent alkaloids of three Datura species, two Anthocercis species and a Physalis species...

C.A.Gardn.) Haegi Anthocercis clade ArUhocercis angustifolia F.Muell. + + + + Evans and Ramsey 1983... 

If any Tl-type alkaloids occur in a specific taxon, there may be present between only one metabolite (e.g., Anthocercis littorea) and up to six congeners of this type [e.g., Cyphanthera albicans, Hyoscyamus pusillus (4) Datura inoxia (5) Duboisia myoporoides (6)]. Such alkaloids are normally accompanied by one or more different types of tropane alkaloids (T3 - T6 Schizanthoideae T7-D), e.g., alkaloid extracts obtained from the leaves of Duboisia leichhardtii contained hyoscyamine as the principal component accompanied by minor congeners like scopolamine (hyoscine) as well as different Tl-type esters (e.g., butropine, valtropine). Both latter... 

Second, it has to be pointed out that the co-occurrence with scopolamine (hyoscine) is a consistent trait in hyoscyamine-containing species. Furthermore, this fact involves that anisodamine (6P-hydroxyhyoscyamine) must also be synthesized in all these species because it is an intermediate representing the direct precursor in the biosynthesis of scopolamine (Fig. 3.14). Nevertheless, due to a certain accumulation this intermediate could be identified in many species, e.g., in the genera Anthocercis, Cyphanthera, Duboisia, Datura, Hyoscyamus, Physochlaina. The trivial name of this alkaloid has been given due to its occurrence in Anisodus acutangulus. 

Cannon JR, Joshi KR, Meehan GV, Wilhams JR (1969) Tropane alkaloids from three western Austtaiian Anthocercis species. Austral J Chem 22 221-227 Carine MA, Russell SJ, Santos-Guerra A, Francisco-Ortega J (2004) Relationships of the Macaronesian and Mediterranean floras molecular evidence for multiple colonizations into... 

Alkaloid content of Datura hybrids. Planta Med 44 184-185 El-Imam YMA, Evans WC (1984) Tropane alkaloids of species of Anthocercis, Cyphanthera and Crenidium. Planta Med 50 86-87... 

Evans WC, Ramsey KPA (1979) Alkaloids of Anthocercis frondosa. J Pharm Pharmacol 31,... 

Evans WC, Somanabandhu A (1980) Nitrogen-containing non-steroidal secondary metabolites of Solanum, Cyphomandra, Lycianthes and Margaranthus. Phytochemistry 19 2351-2356 Evans WC, Treagust PG (1973a) Distribution of alkaloids in Anthocercis littorea and A. viscosa. Phytochemistry 12 2505-2507... 

Plate la Anthocercis littorea (yellow tailflower) erect or rarely sprawling shrub... 

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