Anther attachment

We are well aware that variation in the character anther attachment is almost continuous. For convenience however, we use here the classical main categories... 

FILAMENT The anther-bearing stalks of stamens also a threadlike series of cells attached to one another or a very long cylindrical single cell. 

If the carbon atom has four different groups attached to it, then there are two different ways of arranging these groups. The two arrangements give rise to two types of molecule, related to one anther as nonsuperimposable mirror images, The two structures are enatiomers, and differ in the direction in which they rotate plane polarized light. Each structure is optically active. 

Attachment of Anther.—-The attachment of the anther to the filament may be in one of several ways, as follows ... 

Versatile, when the anther is attached near its center to the top of the filament, so that it swings freely. The adnate and versatile are introrse when they face inward, extrorse when they face outward. 

Innate. —Applied to anthers that are attached by their base to the summit of the filament. 

Outer broken ring shows fusion of petals thick broken lines show attachment of anther to filament inner broken pentagone shows extent of stigmatic lobes covering anthers. 

---