Anomalies in the Flow Properties of Pure Liquids

According to the Hagen-Poiseuille law, the volume of a liquid F, which flows through a capillary of radius a in time t is given by the expression 

Considering the Hagen-Poiseuille formula we find that the departures from the behavior expected from Newton s law can be represented, if we substitute for the Newtonian expression a more general relation between velocity gradient and shear stress. Many workers have endeavored to find an expression which would satisfy experimental facts. Rabino-witsch, Reiner and Weissenberg, particularly, have interested themselves recently in the anomalous behavior of viscous liquids. 

Literature references in H. Mark, Physik und Chemie der Cellulose Berlin 1932, p. 74 also especially R. Houwink, Second Report Amsterdam, 1938, p. 185 et. seq. 

It is possible to calculate the behavior of an anomalous liquid in the three cases discussed—capillary flow, falling sphere and Couette flow— by substituting the Bingham expression for the Newtonian law and obtaining different equations for the amount of liquid passing through the capillary, the times of fall, etc. 

Szegvari has shown that the behavior of many inorganic sols, e.g. 

---