Anodizing surface electron micrograph

Figure 12.14. Scanning electron micrographs of the anode surface of PPyCoPcTs (film 4B) viewed at (a) low and (b) high magnification.

Fig. 2. Electron micrograph of an anodic layo" formed on aluminium in phosphoric acid. Top right and bottom left show pore openings in the top surface and the central band shows a section through the pores...

Figure 334 Scanning electron micrograph of polycrystalline copper surface after anodic attack.

FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of phosphoric acid anodized aluminum 7010 at higher magnification (49,000 X) (a) view perpendicular to outer surface (b) view at 45° to outer surface (c) cross section of anodic oxides showing barrier layer at base of pores. Reprinted with permission from Reference 9. Copyright 1983 Butterworth Science Ltd. 

Transmission electron micrograph of a barrier-type anodic film formed at 100% efficiency on an AI-10at.%Nd alloy, revealing enrichment of neodymium species in a surface layer of the film. (Herrera-Erazo eta ., 2000). 

Figure 8.3 shows transmission electron micrographs of selected regions of the anodic film located near the surface (Fig. 8.3a), within the film (Fig. 8.3b), and adjacent to the alloy/film interface (Fig. 8.3c). The anodic film reveals a porous morphology, with pores confined within alumina cells the barrier layer is evident beneath the pore base together with the scalloped alloy/film interface. The cell and pore diameters are about 30 and 10 nm, respectively, with a barrier layer thickness of 11 nm. Titania nanoparticles are distributed in a thin, outer layer of several tens of nanometres thickness the particles have diameters up to 10 nm. No particles are evident in the porous skeleton of the anodic film.

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