Anode contamination electrolysis

An account of cell features should make a reference to the diaphragm. The diaphragm used in some electrolytic processes is essentially constituted of a separator wall, though this allows the free passage of the electric current. It performs the important function of preventing the products of electrolysis formed at the anode from coming into contact with those formed at the cathode so as to avoid, as far as feasible, either secondary reactions which would lower the current efficiency, or contamination of the products which would diminish their value. 

For upgrading plants, the equipment must be leak-proof and under vacuum to prevent tritium from escaping. There is a cleanup unit to avoid contamination. The electrolysis employed for the final enrichment or upgrading is a batch process and is carried out in a tank-type cell. The anode is usually made of nickel. 

Industrially, copper is purified by electrolysis. The impure copper acts as the anode, and the cathode is made of pure copper. The electrodes are immersed in a CUSO4 solution. During electrolysis, copper at the anode enters the solution as Cu while Cu ions are reduced at the cathode, (a) Write half-cell reactions and the overall reaction for the electrolytic process, (b) Suppose the anode was contaminated with Zn and Ag. Explain what happens to these impurities during electrolysis, (c) How many hours will it take to obtain 1.00 kg of Cu at a current of 18.9 A ... 

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