Annular Ligament

Another BEM modeling of a jet in the atomization regime was done by Park and Heister [24]. They simulated a swirling jet by using the superposition theory, which implements a complex potential containing a vortex. This potential vortex provides a vortical flow that acts as the circumferential pressure caused by the swirling. Annular ligaments pinched from the parent surface are presumed to break into the... 

A number of equivalent lesions have also been described. Commonest of these is the Type 1 variant Where the radial head is dislocated anteriorly but the ulna has plastic deformation rather than a fracture. Other variants include dislocations with associated radial neck fractures, olecranon fractures and dislocations of the ulnar-humeral joint. In some respects, the pulled elbow , commonly seen in infants, can also be considered a Bado I equivalent. The injury occurs when the elbow has traction applied, usually resulting in hyperextension and pronation. The radial head subluxes through the annular ligament but does not truly dislocate and radiographs are either normal or will show an effusion with elevation of the fat pads. 

Pulled elbow does not require manipulation under anaesthesia. The forearm is flexed and supi-nated. Often this results in a gratifying pop and the child resumes normal activity. If this manoeuvre is unsuccessful, simply resting the arm in a sling will allow swelling in the annular ligament to subside and the radial head will reduce within 2-3 days. 

The proximal radioulnar articulation consists of the cylindrical rim of the head of the radius articulating with the radial notch of the ulna. The annular ligament encompasses the head of the radius and is attached to the anterior and... 

Somatic dysfunctions can involve contraction of the related muscles, compression of the neural elements, strain of the ligamentous aspects, and restriction primarily of the secondary motions of the joint components. The radial head typically entails posterior or anterior dysfunctions and may involve the muscles, the annular ligament, and the lateral collateral ligament. The humero-olecranon dysfunctions can involve the muscles, the medial collateral ligament, and can be related to symptoms involving the ulnar nerve. Restriction of elbow... 

The joint capsule invests the entire elbow. Anteriorly, it is attached to the humeral shaft just above the coronoid and radial fossae, to the anterior aspect of the coronoid process and to the annular ligament... 

In pulled elbow , a common injury among children due to slipping of the annular ligament over the radial head following forceful pronation, US is able to depict an increased distance between the radial head and the humeral capitellum probably due to the impingement of the annular ligament (Kosuwon et al. 1993) - see also chapter 19. 

In the subluxed radial head, a condition which is commonly referred to as pulled elbow , the annular ligament slips over the radial head resulting in rota-... 

Static constraint of the elbow is the result of both bony structure and capsuloligamentous stabilizers. The soft tissue stabilizers include the medial and lateral collateral ligament complexes, the joint capsule, the annular ligament, and the interosseous membrane (Figure 10.3). 

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