Anisotropy, elastic magnetic, crystalline

Electric or magnetic fields acting on the anisotropy of the electric or magnetic susceptibility exert torques within a liquid crystal which may compete with the elastic torques determining its internal structure (55). Equations w ich describe the liquid crystalline structure can be derived from molecularly uniaxial liquid crystals on the basis of the curvature-elasticity theory (54). In doing so, tl structure is determined so as to minimize the total free energy of the system, and this method is applied to the cholesteric structure (55, 55). 

The value of coefficient B is defined by crystalline fields originated from equilibrium positions of lattice ions. Magnetic spins are coupled with these fields via weak relativistic spin-orbit interaction (giving rise to above magnetic anisotropy energy), while electric dipoles are coupled with electric crystalline field electrostatically. In ferroelastics, the elastic dipoles constituting order parameter interact with elastic strain or gradients of crystalline field. 

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