Anisotropic magnetoresistance

Wegrowe JE, Gilbert SE, KeUy D, Doudin B, Ansermet JP (1998) Anisotropic magnetoresistance as a probe of magnetization reversal in individual nano-sized nickel wires. IEEE Trans Magn 34 903-905... 

Active sensors require an external power supply for operation. This is the 5 or 12 V system of the ECU. The main technologies are the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor Hall-effect transducers (CMOS-Hall) or AMR (anisotropic magnetoresistive effect) plus silicon amplification [3],... 

Fig. 7.11.16 Angle measurement using an anisotropic magnetoresistance sensor (source Phi-lips/Bosch)...

Fig. 7.11.17 Anisotropic magnetoresistance sensor principle for 360° rotation (source Bosch)...

Fig. 7.12.7 Steering torque sensor using a magnetic encoder ring and an anisotropic magnetoresistive element...

Fig. 7.12.8 Concept of torque sensor using anisotropic magnetoresistive technology...

A number of sensitive magnetic field detection devices have been developed as biosensors giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors [4], piezoresistive cantilevers [5], inductive sensors [6], superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) [7, 8], anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) rings [9], and miniature Hall crosses [10]. 

Miller MM, Prinz GA, Cheng SF, Bounnak S (2002) Detection of a micron-sized magnetic sphere using a ring-shaped anisotropic magnetoresistance-based sensor a model for a magnetoresistance-based biosensor. Appl Phys Lett 81 2211-2213... 

The films with nominal contents x = 0.55 and 0.60 have high electric resistance (about 100-150 m 2 cm vs. 60 p. 2 cm for the bulk alloy) and a giant tunnel magnetoresistance without anisotropic part [128]. Latter fact indicates additionally that these films are physically nonpercolated. The film with x = 0.70 reveals the simultaneous presence of tunnel and anisotropic magnetoresistance and, is probably partly percolated. 

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