Anionic-cationic complex

Analytical methods for qualitative and quantitative determination of all kinds of surfactants have long been established. There can be found either wet chemical methods—like titration—or methods of instrumental analytics. A classical method for anionic surfactants is the so-called two-phase-titration [63]. Using this method nearly every molecule bearing an anionic group is detected. The correct determination of sulfosuccinates is limited to the interferences of the other ingredients and byproducts present. With few exceptions all sulfosuccinates react with special indicators, e.g., hyamin 1622 (Rohm and Haas), to form an anionic-cationic complex and hence are to be analyzed by active content titration. 

The skeletal nitrogen atoms in cyclophosphazenes possess a lone pair of electrons and, hence, they have long been viewed as potential donor sites to bind a proton or to form complexes with electron-acceptor molecules. The possibility of formation of anion-cation complexes by release of a halogen ion to a Lewis acid and charge-transfer complexes has also been studied. In addition, some cyclopho-sphazene derivatives form crystalline inclusion clathrates with a variety of guest molecules. Allcock (21, 22) has reviewed these aspects in detail. 

Cleavage of Metal-metal Bond to Ion Pairs. In polar solvents, heterolytic cleavage to anion/cation complexes is an equilibrium process. This can also be involved in substitution reactions in polar solvents (equations 94 and 95). Substitution at the cation is shown here since, for carbonyl ligands, due to a decrease in back bonding see Back Bonding),... 

A sparingly soluble moisturizing complex is formed the anionic/cationic complex deposits strongly on the hair and is difficult to remove... 

This scale-lifting phenomenon is due primarily to the penetration of cationic and anionic surfactant into the endocuticle and the cell membrane complex and the subsequent deposition and buildup of a hydrophobic anionic-cationic complex layer. When this layer is sufficiently large, a lifting... 

Hannah et al. [32] have shown that this type of anionic-cationic complex, formed from 0.1% polymer JR and 1% SDS does indeed sorb to the hair. Water can remove only some 30% of this JR-SDS complex, and SDS and salts are no more effective, leaving some 60% (approximately 0.1 mg complex per gram hair) strongly bound to the hair. Analogous complexes with other cationic polymers have been used for binding or for increasing the substantivity of ingredients to the hair [3,4]. 

Terazosin hydrochloride is a real challenge for crystal structure prediction because the cation is large and flexible and because its ionic nature complicates the calculation of the electrostatic contribution to the lattice energy. However, knowledge of the experimental crystal structures of four forms was used to deduce the most likely conformation of the cation as well as the protonation site and the most likely location of the chlorine anion. This neutral anion-cation complex was used as the search unit in the crystal structure prediction simulations. The known structures were also used to modify the standard Dreiding 2.21 force field in such a manner that it was able to reproduce the... 

If the interaction between an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant results in a water-soluble complex, how do we know that the complex is really formed If, indeed, the anionic and cationic surfactants are neutralized, then is the resulting complex a nonionic surfactant and to what extent does it behave like nonionic surfactants Ethoxylated nonionic surfactants have the unique property of cloud point phenomena they become cloudy above a given temperature, known as the cloud point temperature. If, indeed, the resulting anionic-cationic complexes are neutralized, would they exhibit cloud point phenomena The answer to these questions is yes imder special conditions and has been demonstrated previously [36]. In the following subsections, results of surface and interfacial tensions and cloud point phenomena, and additional properties of the complexes will be given. 

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