Animal engineering

A major limitation on the use of cell cultures is that isolated cells do not fuUy represent the full range of biochemical activity of the corresponding cell type when in a whole animal. Engineered tissues, especially cocultures [Bhatia et al., 1998], can provide a more natural environment, which can improve (i.e., make normal) cell function. Another alternative is the use of tissue slices, typically from the liver [Olinga et al, 1997]. Tissue sHces require the sacrifice of the animal there is intrinsic variability, and biochemical activities can decay rapidly after harvest. The use of isolated tissue slices also does not reproduce interchange of metaboHtes among organs and the time-dependent exposure that occurs within an animal. 

Animated Engines http //www.keveney.com/Engines.html (accessed October 28, 2010). As the title suggests, this site provides access to animations of how nearly 20 different types... 

Figure 15.4 A plant for the production of animal feed. The heat pump encroaches into a pocket in the gremd composite curve. (From Smith and Linnhojf, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66 195, 1988 reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)...

Ozone, known for its beneficial role as a protective screen against ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere, is a major pollutant at low altitudes (from 0 to 2000 m) affecting plants, animals and human beings. Ozone can be formed by a succession of photochemical reactions that preferentially involve hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides emitted by the different combustion systems such as engines and furnaces. 

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