Aniline, Azoxy Derivatives

Anilines undergo oxidative cyclization with substituted nitrobenzenes (Wohl-Aue method) in alkaline media in refluxing toluene or benzene to afford phenazine iV-oxides 1, as well as other side products such as azo and azoxy derivatives at higher temperatures (140°C), the parent phenazines 2 are formed in low yield. - -... 

Nitro compounds are reduced to the corresponding amine. Unlike hydride reductions, both alkyl nitro compounds (2-methyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was reduced to l-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol in 95% yield)566 and aromatic nitro derivatives [nitrobenzene was reduced to aniline with Ti(S04)3 in sulfuric acid and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide] are electrolytically reduced. 7 jf conditions are modified, reductive coupling can give azoxy compounds such as 568 (from 569) or diazo compounds. A variety of acid derivatives are reduced under electrochemical conditions, including nitriles (to amines), acids (to alcohols),5 E572 estejs (jq alcohols), and amides (to alcohols). It is possible to selectively reduce a cyclic imide to a lactam.575... 

The electron acceptors discussed so far resemble these terminal polar compounds in their structure, or are even identical. Cladis, for example, has studied the phase behavior of mixtures of butyloxybenzylidene octyl-aniline with cyanooctyloxybiphenyl showing stabilized smectic phases of the A- and B-type, as well as an induced SmE phase the results are summarized in a Landau description [23 g]. However, the phase behavior of this particular system, strongly related to that studied by Park et al. [8], is discussed in terms of dipolar pair formation. Furthermore, the phase behavior and macroscopic properties, e.g., densities and rotational viscosities, in mixtures of polar 4-cyano derivatives of biphenyl with apolar azoxy compounds, were found to differ significantly from those comprising the relat-... 

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