Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ARPES

Angle-Resolved Photoemission. The best experimental technique to resolve the electronic structure of crystals in the momentum-energy space, and, consequently, the Fermi surface, is angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). 

More detailed information on the specific orbitals involved in bonding of the adlayer and the symmetry of the bonding site can be derived from angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). With excitation energies of less than 20 eV, the incident photons excite predominantly valence electrons. The valence electron resonances observed are characteristic of band structure of the substrate and the electron orbitals of the adspecies, whose energy is... 

Recently, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) for Bi2212 showed that the electronic density of states of underdoped cuprates reveals a normal-state gap-... 

In the following sections, progress in studies of the electronic structure of TMC(IOO), (110), and (111) surfaces by the application of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) will be reviewed. Adsorption of oxygen and alkali metal on the TMC(IOO) and (111) surfaces will also be reviewed as an example of progress in the surface chemistry of TMCs. 

The electronic structure of the TMC(IOO) surface has been studied most extensively among the low-index TMC surfaces. It is well known that the use of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) can give direct information about the valence band structure around the surface (18,19), and extensive ARPES studies have been performed on the valence band structure of TMC(IOO) surfaces such as TiC(lOO) (20,21), ZrC(lOO) (22,23), VC(IOO) (24-27), NbC(lOO) (28-31), and TaC(lOO) (32,33). These studies have shown that most of the features in ARPE spectra can be understood as emissions from the bulk bands, and thus the electronic structures of TMC(IOO) are well regarded as the cross sections of the bulk electronic states. However, in some systems, surface induced electronic states have been identified as described in the following. 

Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)/Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES)... 

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