And rate of reaction

Most organic reactions are done in solution, and it is therefore important to recognize some of the ways in which solvent can affect the course and rates of reactions. Some of the more common solvents can be roughly classified as in Table 4.10 on the basis of their structure and dielectric constant. There are important differences between protic solvents—solvents fliat contain relatively mobile protons such as those bonded to oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur—and aprotic solvents, in which all hydrogens are bound to carbon. Similarly, polar solvents, those fliat have high dielectric constants, have effects on reaction rates that are different from those of nonpolar solvent media. 

Tables IV and V list examples to show the effect of functional groups and substituents on the course and rate of reactions involving cleavage of the Co—C bond in acid, neutral, and alkaline solution in the absence of any other added reagent. Transfer reactions involving HO (see Section VI,C,2), cyanide insertion (VI,D,1), and irreversible reactions not involving cleavage of the Co—C bond (V,B) are also included in order to complete...

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