And neighboring group effects

The first section, Chemical Reactions on Polymers, deals with aspects of chemical reactions occurring on polymers—aspects relating to polymer size, shape, and composition are described in detail. One of the timely fields of applications comprises the use of modified polymers as catalysts (such as the immobilization of centers for homogeneous catalysis). This topic is considered in detail in Chapters 2, 3, 8, 9, and 11 and dealt with to a lesser extent in other chapters. The use of models and neighboring group effect(s) is described in detail. The modification of polymers for chemical and physical change is also described in detail in Chapters 2 (polystyrene) 4 (polyvinyl chloride) 5 (polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneimine, and polyacrylamide) 6 (polyimides) 7 (polyvinyl alcohol) 8 (polystyrene sulfonate and polyvinylphosphonate) 10 (polyacrylamide) and 12 (organotin carboxylates). 

Configurational relationships and neighboring-group effects are undoubtedly of primary importance in modifying the behavior of carbohydrates. In this connection certain types of reactions, which are reasonably well established, are described in this section because they are of importance for the explanation of the selective reactions of carbohydrate hydroxyl groups. 

Rearrangements and neighboring group effects intramolecular nudeopldlic attack... 

Borontrichloride and boron tribromide have been studied further as dealkylating agents with regard for specificity and neighboring group effects. 

The ethyl 2,3,4,()-tetra-0-acetyl-l-thio-a- and d-D-glucopyranosides react with bromine with net inversion, and the product from the a-D anomer is the unstable tetra-0-acetyl- 8-D-glucopyranosyl bromide, A detailed mechanistic study of the reaction indicated that the net steric course is, in other instances, dependent on conformational factors and neighboring-group effects, and steric hindrance when bulky groups are... 

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