Anaphylaxis clinical features

Yang MS, Lee SH, Kim TW, et al Epidemiologic and clinical features of anaphylaxis in Korea. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008 100 31-36. 

BrockowKjJoferQ BehrendtH,RingJ Anaphylaxis 70 in patients with mastocytosis a study on history, clinical features and risk factors in 120 patients. Allergy 2008 63 226-232. 71... 

Specific Clinical Features of Anesthesia Induced Anaphylaxis... 

Cianferoni, A., Novembre, E., Mugnaini, L., Lombardi, E., Bernardini, R., Pucci, N., and Vierucci, A. (2001). Clinical features of acute anaphylaxis in patients admitted to a university hospital An 11-year retrospective review. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 87, 27-32. 

The diagnosis of an allergic reaction to a muscle relaxant is based on clinical features, measurement of histamine and tryptase concentrations in the plasma during the reaction, and subsequent skin testing a few weeks later. However, during general anesthesia isolated sjmptoms can occur, most often hypotension or bronchospasm. Therefore, the clinical features of anaphylaxis may not be recognized as such. 

Reider, N., Sepp, N., Fritsch, P., Weinlich, G., and Jensen-Jarolim, E. 2000. Anaphylaxis to chamomile Clinical features and allergen cross-reactivity. Clin. Exp. Allergy 30, 1436-1443. 

One characteristic feature is the late onset of the symptoms and signs - approximately 8-21 days after administration of the therapeutic substance. If a subsequent dose of the allergen is given the reaction time will be much shorter. In such instances the clinical features tend to resemble those of the anaphylactic syndrome (immune complex anaphylaxis). 

Adapted from Brown SGA. Clinical features and severity grading of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 114 317 with kind permission from Elsevier Limited... 

Novembre E, Cianferoni A, Bernadini R, et al. (1998). Anaphylaxis in children clinical and allergological features. Pediatrics, 101 68. 

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