Analogue system-Emittance

Since the response characteristics of these optical components are not linear, nor flat, we need an analogue system in order to be able to measure color. The analogue system simply corrects for the non-linearity of the source and detector, as shown in the following for emittance. This is shown in 6.7.28., on the next page. 

Knoevenagel condensation of 1 2.1 stoichiometric ratio of the pyran and aldehyde generates a pure bis-condensation product. Due to the extended ir-conjugated system, these bis-condensed red emitters are about 40-50 nm red-shifted compared with their respective mono-substituted DCM analogues. 

The C5 position of dU has been used to attach a variety of labels or reporter groups, in particular fluorophores ° (see section 3.5). The pyrene-modified analogue (39) has been used to detect RNA bulge conformations in the HIV-TAR RNA sequence where the fluorescence is greatly enhanced,and as a donor for the red emitter nile red (40) when the two dyes are adjacent in duplex DNA the result is white light that is emitted upon excitation of (39). A zinc-porphyrin complex has been added to C5 of dU for use in electron transfer. Norbornene has been attached via an alkyne linker for post-synthetic modification with nitrile oxides in a copper-free Click reaction, " and various dienes have been attached for Diels-Alder tagging of DNA. The photoaffinity tag (41) has been incorporated into DNA adjacent to a damaged DNA base (8-oxo-dG or thymine dimer) such that when exposed to repair systems, the repair enzyme is trapped by the diazirine for mass spectroscopic characterisation. ... 

---