Analgesics cholinergic

Given the role of acetylcholine receptors in analgesic circuits, it is not surprising that a number of plants with cholinergic mechanisms have analgesic effects. The RVM has muscarinic and nicotinic receptors (Cortes and Palacios 1986 London et al. 1985). The PAG has nicotinic receptors as well (Segal et al. 1978). 

Mechanism of Action An anticholinergicthat relaxes detrusor and other smooth muscle by cholinergic blockade, counteracting muscle spasm in the urinary tract, Thera-peuticEffect Produces anticholinergic, local anesthetic, and analgesic effects, relieving urinary symptoms. 

Human galanin is composed of 30 amino acids and is widely distributed in the CNS. A primary residence is within sensory and selected forebrain cholinergic interneurons a detailed map of galanin distribution is available [Kordower et al. 1992]. Based on several models, galanin appears to be an endogenous analgesic [Wiesenfeld-Hallin et al. 1992] and an inhibitor of acetyl-... 

Analgesic efficacy and clinical use Meptazinol is a medium potent opioid analgesic with an additional cholinergic component. It is used for the treatment of moderate to moderately severe pain. The compound has a shorter duration of action than morphine (Holmes and Ward, 1985 Kay, 1985). 

Cryotherapy Cold/ice packs Ice massage Cold bath Vapocoolant sprays Decreased pain, edema, and inflammation Muscle relaxation and decreased spasticity Anti-inflammatory steroids (glucocorticoids) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (aspirin and similar NSAIDs) Skeletal muscle relaxants Peripheral vasodilators may exacerbate acute local edema Nonselective cholinergic agonists may stimulate the neuromuscular junction Some forms of cryotherapy may produce local vasoconstriction that temporarily impedes diffusion of drugs to the site of inflammation... 

Meptazinol is a high-efficacy partial agonist it also has central cholinergic activity which add to its analgesic effect. It is used to relieve acute or chronic pain of moderate intensity, e.g. postoperatively and in obstetrics. Meptazinol does not cause euphoria and withdrawal effects seem not to occur when it is discontinued. It appears not to induce a withdrawal syndrome in opioid-dependent subjets. 

Relief from pain. Selected cholinergic agents have been found that display antinociceptive (analgesic) effects grossly similar to those of morphine. Most of these are nicotinic receptor agonists, but a modest number of muscarinic agonists have been found that also display antinociceptive effects. 

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