An overview of hybrid modeling

A reasonable trade-off between the theoretical and the empirical approach is represented by hybrid modeling, leading to a so-called grey-box model 

2 Hybrid neural model based on a parallel architecture. 

1 Exploitation of ANNs and hybrid modeling in membrane processes 

With reference to three case studies, it will be shown how various kinds of advanced models, based either on ANNs or on a hybrid approach, can be used to predict the behavior of some typical membrane process and to implement efficient control systems. 

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