Amyloplasts characterization

Amyloplasts are characterized by the presence of one or more starch granules that grow in size as the storage organ develops, distending the plastid. The structure of the amyloplast can be studied using microscopy,... 

In green algae and in leaf cells of higher plants, ADP-Glc PPase has been demonstrated to reside in the chloroplast (82). More recently, using plastids isolated from maize and barley endosperm (83-85), the existence of two ADP-Glc PPases, a plastidial form, and a major cytosolic form were found. Subsequently, cytosolic forms of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase have been found in wheat (86, 87) and rice (88). Because starch synthesis occurs in plastids, it was proposed that in cereal endosperms, synthesis of ADP-Glc in the cytosol requires the involvement of an ADP-Glc carrier in the amyloplast envelope (85). Subsequently, characterization of the ADP-Glc transporter has been reported for maize endosperm (89, 90), barley endosperm (91), and wheat endosperm (92). 

Bowsher CG, Scrase-Field EF, Esposito S, Ernes MJ, Tetlow IJ. Characterization of ADP-glucose transport across the cereal endosperm amyloplast envelope. J. Exp. Bot. 2007 58 1321-1332. Hylton C, Smith AM. The rb mutation of peas causes structural and regulatory changes in ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase from developing embryos. Plant Physiol. 1992 99 1626-1634. 

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