Amylobacter

The first report in the literature of the isolation of a substance recognizable as a cyclodextrin was that of Villiers which appeared in 1891. From digests of Bacillus amylobacter on potato starch, Villiers obtained a small amount (3 g per 1000 g of starch) of a crystalline material, which he named cellulosine because of its resemblance in some respects to cellulose. The foundations of cyclodextrin chemistry were laid down, however, in the period 1903-1911 by Schardinger, and, in fact, some of the older literature frequently refers to the cyclodextrins as Schardinger dextrins. 

Bacteriological culture media, dulcitol, mannitol and sorbitol in, I, 192 Bacterium amylobacter, in fermentation of wood sugars, IV, 184 Bacterium dysenteries, antigens, II, 199 Bacterium xylinoides, cellulose formation by, II, 206... 

Molybdenum and vanadium promote nitrogen fixation by A. chroococcum,A. vinelandii and Bac. amylobacter, [in the case of] molybdenum up to the 100-fold of the amount accomplished in the absence of theses elements hy Azotobacter. From this it is concluded that without molybdenum or vanadium there is no possibility for any appreciable nitrogen fixation. ... 

Beyerinck attributed this to an organism called Granulobacter pec-tinovorum. Van Tieghem attributed it to B. amylobacter. Part of this dissolving action has been ascribed also to molds. 

CDs (Figure 10-1) were discovered by the French scientist Villiers, who obtained this material from the potato starch digest of Bacillus amylobacter and named it cellulosine because of its similarity in some respects to cellulose [3]. 

In 1891, Villier isolated about 3g of a material, which forms beautiful radiate crystals, from 1,000 g starch after digestion with B. amylobacter, which he named... 

The first of these micro-organisms was isolated by Winogradsky in 1895, it is Clostridium pasteuricmum, sometimes called Amylobacter. In this anaerobe, unlike Rjhvsobium, fixation is not inhibited in the presence of carbon dioxide. The ability to fix nitrogen is widespread in the Clostridia and it has also been foimd in another anaerobe, Desulphovibrio, which reduces sulphates. 

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