Amputations, chronic wounds

Chronic ulcers are a significant health problem in young and elderly individuals that culminates in disability, decreased productivity, and loss of independence [1, 2], The economic costs associated with chronic wounds are enormous for the healthcare system as well as for patients [3], The healing process is slow and often incomplete and patients not responding to conservative therapy become candidates for amputation [4],... 

I he seeds of the oriental poppy contain morphine. Morphine is a narcotic that has a variety of effects on the body and the brain, including drowsiness, euphoria, mental confusion, and chronic constipation. Although morphine was first isolated in 1805, not until the 1850s and the advent of the hypodermic was it effectively used as a painkiller. During the American Civil War, morphine was used extensively to reheve the pain of wounds and amputations. It was at this time that the addictive properties were noticed. By the end of the Civil War, over 100,000 soldiers were addicted to morphine. 

---