Amplification contour

Table 3.7), i.e., at first glance the broad line approximation works unsatisfactorily. One must, however, keep in mind the instability of the modes due to the phase change under conditions of freely running modes (without synchronization). Broadening of the Bennet dips due to saturation of optical transition also takes place [268]. This makes the broad line approximation more realistic considering that the width of the amplification contour of the laser is 6 109 s-1. 

Figure 6.3 Spatial amplification contours shown in Re — ujq) plane for K = 0. For the neutral curve kimag = 0 as indicated by...

The method is based on the influence of the studied substance on the parameters of laser radiation. The method is based on that the reactor with the gas is placed into the laser cavity with a broad amplification contour as it is shown in Fig. 3.2. The main thing is to select parameters of the active medium of the laser so that the amplification of the light intensity in it would compensate losses on mirrors and would not compensate losses related to the studied absorption. These losses differ in frequency dependence. (The losses on mirrors are broad-band eompared to narrow absorption lines of detected gas molecules.)... 

The doubling or amplification that is inherent in dendrimer chemistry is the dominant process that controls the dendrimer shape [1], With each generation, the number of terminal units usually doubles. Each shell (generation) enhances at approximately a constant value, whereas the total molecular mass approximately doubles with each generation as does the number of branch points. While the dendrimer mass doubles with generation, the space to fit the units increases at a much slower rate. The contour length of any chain from the core to the terminal units is proportional to the number of chemical bonds and hence the number of... 

Figure 14. Co nanoparticle rings and chains (a) low magnification bright-field image of self-assembled Co nanoparticle rings and chains deposited onto an amorphous carbon support film, where each Co particle has a diameter of between 20 and 30 ran, (b) and (c) magnetic phase contours (128 X amplification 0.049 radian spacing), formed from the magnetic contribution to the measured phase shift, in two different nanoparticle rings. The outlines of the nanoparticles are marked in white, while the arrows indicate direction of the measured magnetic induction [19].

Let us therefore discuss about spatial instability of parallel flows, mainly the flow past a flat plate at zero angle of attack- a problem that enjoys a canonical status for instability analyses. For the spatial instability problem associated with two-dimensional disturbance held of two-dimensional primary flows, the disturbance quantities will have the appearance of Eqn. (2.3.28) with /3 = 0. Thus for a fixed Re, one would be looking for complex a when the shear layer is excited by a fixed frequency source of circular frequency, lvq- If we define Re in terms of the displacement thickness S as the length scale, then Re = and the results obtained will be plotted as contours of constant amplification rates Oj in Re — lvo)— plane, as shown in Fig. 2.2. 

Fig. 2.7. Example of an interference micrograph of a fine cobalt particle (a) electron micrograph (b) contour map (phase amplification X2) (c) interfer-ogram (phase amplifieation X2).

Fig. 2.9. Interference micrographs of a dodecahedron cohalt particle (phase amplification X2) (a) thickness contour map (b) magnetic lines of force.

For easier understanding of the main principles of the ICLS, let us use the model of a multimode laser described by the system of balance equations for the number of photons in each mode of the cavity and population inversion N. Let us assume for simplicity that the contour of the amplification line in the laser is uniformly broadened and the interaction of the modes and quantum noises are absent. 

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