Seaweeds amphipod-damaged

Compared to undamaged controls, amphipod-damaged seaweeds had up to 34% higher contents of the diterpenes dictyol E (65), dictyodial (66), and pachy-dictyol A (67) of which 65 deters feeding by the amphipods [137]. Remarkably this study not only relies on laboratory experiments but provides field data. In their natural environment previously heavily attacked algae were less susceptible to herbivory compared to those that had a record of low grazing. 

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