Amortization costing equations

According to the equation above, the quantities feToGav, which are related to irreversible dissipation and TKpt should be equal in any transfer unit. Generally, operating costs are linearly related to dissipation, while investment costs are linearly related to the size of equipment. The optimum size distribution of the transfer units is obtained when amortization cost is equal to the cost of lost energy due to irreversibility. The cost parameters A and B may be different from one transfer unit to another when a = b, Oav/Vopt is a constant, and the optimal size distribution reduces to equipartition of the local rate of entropy production. The optimal size of a transfer unit can be obtained from Eqn (e)... 

Capital cost is the major contributor to the cost of solar power. With photovoltaic power systems presently costing about 4 per peak watt, the capital cost of 4000/kW would be equivalent to 8888/kW at 100% capacity, equating to 9 cents/kWh when amortized over 30 years (at 8% interest rate). Obviously, this is well above the nuclear capital cost of nominally 4200/kW with a 90% capacity factor (equivalent to 4667/kW at 100% capacity factor), and an amortized cost of 4.7 cents/kWh. 

The first terms in equations (10) and (11) are the cost of amortization and dissipation in each zone. In (10) the dissipation is"priced at the cost of the extra fuel required to make up for the losses. In (11) the price reflects lost revenue through loss in production at fixed input. 

We use the highest quality NMR tube we can afford. We match the diameter of the sample tube to the coil diameter of the NMR probe in the magnet. We do not put a 5 mm tube in a 10 mm probe unless we have no choice, and we NEVER use an NMR tube with a diameter larger than that the probe is designed to accommodate For most organic samples comparable to those whose spectra are found in this book, a Wilmad 528-pp or similar tube suffices. Cheap tubes contain regions where the tube wall thickness varies, and this variation makes our sample not just difficult, but nearly impossible, to shim well. Variations in concentricity, camber, and diameter all limit data quality. Those interested in saving a little on tubes should examine Equation 2.1 where t is time and is money and do the math for themselves—we can spend an extra 10 on our tube or we can shim for an hour. Consider that tubes are reusable and that the extra cost associated with the purchase of a quality NMR tube can be amortized easily over the course of several years. 

In order to obtain an annual value of cost after taxes (AC) regarding the amortization it should be considered the following equation (2) ... 

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