Amino acids defined

Yoshiji, H., Nakae, D., Mizumoto, Y., Horiguchi, K., Tamura, K., Denda, A., Tsujii, T. and Konishi, Y. (1992). Inhibitory effect of dietary iron deficiency on inductions of putative preneoplastic lesions as well as 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA and lipid peroxidation in the livers of rats caused by exposure to a choline-deficient L-amino acid defined diet. Carcinogenesis 13, 1227-1233. 

Most methods are mainly suited to either assembled (A) or sequential (S) epitopes Some methods are applicable only to Ags expressed from cloned cDNA (R, recombinant), whereas others need purified protein (P) Resolution of mapping may be low (L, sequences not defined), medium (M, sequence defined to within 10-100 ammo acids), or high (H, individual amino acids defined) Some methods are particularly expensive (E) or cheap (C) in terms of the equipment and/or skilled labor required Finally (not shown in the table), some methods may not be usefiil for your particular Ab-Ag combination... 

The pathways to amino acids arise as branchpoints from a few key carbohydrate intermediates in the central metabolic pathways. The common starting point for a branched pathway leading to several amino acids defines a family. 

In a similar approach, called position scanning [8,9], sets of sublibraries are prepared in which the 20 amino acids at each position are separately defined (Fig. 2). For example, with a pentapeptide, the first set of amino acids defines 20 sublibraries and each of the amino acids in positions 2, 3, 4 and 5 are fully randomized with a set of 20 amino acids. The second set of 20 sublibraries is prepared with a defined amino acid at position 2 the amino acids in positions 1,3,4 and 5 are fully randomized. In a similar manner, amino acids at positions 3, 4 and 5 are each defined in sets of 20 sublibraries. Testing ofthe five sets of 20 sublibraries will define the preferred amino acids at each of the five positions in the pentapeptide chain. The resynthesis of individual peptides having the preferred... 

Sakaida, I., Matsumura, Y., Akiyama, S., Hayashi, K., Ishige, A., Okita, K. Herbal medicine Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) prevents liver fibrosis and enzyme-altered lesions in rat liver cirrhosis induced by a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet. J. Hepatol. 1998 28 298-306... 

Proteins are linear polymers of amino acids. The linear sequence of amino acids defines the primary structure of the protein. Evolutionary relationships between species of organisms can be deduced by comparing the primary structures of their proteins. 

LigandScout generates the excluded volumes on the basis of the Ca atoms of amino acids defining the binding pocket. 

C random coil turns into a P-spiral and precipitate Tcp is dependent on pH and the ionic strength Hydrophobidty and conformational preferences of the constituent amino acids define the LOST behaviour Top of the peptides could be adjusted by replacing valine residues by more hydrophobic isoleudne, leudne or phenylalanine residues [329]... 

Denda, A., Kitayama, W., Kishida, H., Murata, N., Tamura, K., Kusuoka, O., Tsutsumi, M., Nishikawa, R, Kita, E., Nakae, D., Konishi, Y., and Kuniyasu, H. (2007). Expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase but not prevention by its gene ablation of hepatocarcino-genesis with fibrosis caused by a choline-deficient, L-amino acid defined diet in rats and mice. Nitric Oxide 16, 164-176. 

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