Nucleophilic substitution amines

The azocane nitrogen undergoes reactions characteristic for secondary amines nucleophilic substitutions (alkylations and acylations), oxidations, and modifications to ring substituents. Alkylations. Halo derivatives were reported to react readily with azocanes to afford in good yields compounds with diverse applications in life sciences (Scheme 101 <1997JME1578 . 

Grignard reaction, reduction Azide - Amine, nucleophilic substitution, N-alkylation. 

Several reports describe the reaction of pyrazol-3-ones with amidines and iminium salts where the group displaced is an amine. Nucleophilic substitution of ammonia by 2,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-one 591 attack on benzamidine hydrochloride 592 requires 220 °C to give via addition intermediate 593 4-[imino(phenyl)methyl]pyrazol-3-one... 

In contrast to halopyridazine 1-oxides, 4,6-dibromo-3-hydroxypyridazine 1-oxide does not react with amines nucleophilic substitution occurred with more potent nucleophiles, and with KHS both bromine atoms were exchanged.301... 

In the interaction of 4-a-bromoethyl-3-imidazoline-3-oxide (64b, X = Br) with primary amines, nucleophilic substitution products 70b were isolated, which upon heating are quantitatively converted to imines 68b. 

With the exception of the nuclear amination of 4-methylthiazole by sodium amide (341, 346) the main reactions of nucleophiles with thiazole and its simple alkyl or aryl derivatives involve the abstraction of a ring or substituent proton by a strongly basic nucleophile followed by the addition of an electrophile to the intermediate. Nucleophilic substitution of halogens is discussed in Chapter V. 

Amines like ammonia are weak bases They are however the strongest uncharged bases found m significant quantities under physiological conditions Amines are usually the bases involved m biological acid-base reactions they are often the nucleophiles m biological nucleophilic substitutions... 

Because nitriles can be prepared from alkyl halides by nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ion the overall process RX RC=N RCH2NH2 leads to primary amines that have one more carbon atom than the starting alkyl halide... 

Nucleophilic substitution results when primary alkyl halides are treated with amines... 

Mescaline a hallucinogenic amine obtained from the peyote cactus has been synthesized in two steps from 3 4 5 trimethoxybenzyl bromide The first step is nucleophilic substitution by sodium cyanide The second step is a lithium aluminum hydnde reduction What is the structure of mescaline" ... 

Nucleophilic substitution occurs in positions a and y to the N-oxide group. In nearly all these reactions deoxygenation occurs giving the substituted heterocychc amine. 

Methyl bromide slowly hydrolyzes in water, forming methanol and hydrobromic acid. The bromine atom of methyl bromide is an excellent leaving group in nucleophilic substitution reactions and is displaced by a variety of nucleophiles. Thus methyl bromide is useful in a variety of methylation reactions, such as the syntheses of ethers, sulfides, esters, and amines. Tertiary amines are methylated by methyl bromide to form quaternary ammonium bromides, some of which are active as microbicides. 

Nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom in 2-chloropyrazine and 2-chloroquinoxa-lines has been effected with a variety of nucleophiles, including ammonia and amines, oxygen nucleophiles such as alkoxides, sodium azide, hydrazine, sulfur containing nucleophiles, cyanide, etc., and reactions of this type are typical of the group (see Chapter 2.02). 

Thione or alkylthio groups have also been involved in nucleophilic substitutions with hydrazine, or amines, and by desulfurization using Raney nickel or aluminum amalgam. 

Furazano[3,4-d]pyrimidine, 7-amino-synthesis, 6, 729 UV spectra, 6, 713 Furazanopyrimidines amine synthesis from, 5, 591 synthesis, 6, 418 Furazano[3,4-d]pyrimidines nucleophilic attack, 6, 719 nucleophilic substitution, 6, 713 reduction, 6, 402 7-substituted reactions, 6, 722 Furazano[3,4-a]quinolizines synthesis, 6, 730... 

Nucleophilic substitution reactions that occur imder conditions of amine diazotization often have significantly different stereochemisby, as compared with that in halide or sulfonate solvolysis. Diazotization generates an alkyl diazonium ion, which rapidly decomposes to a carbocation, molecular nitrogen, and water ... 

Mononitration of a mixture of J- and 4 chlorobenzotnfluondes followed by nucleophilic substitution by hydroxide, ammonia, or a primary or secondary amine in dimethylformamide, leads to 5 chloro 2 nitrobenzotrifluoride The 4-chloro-3-nitro isomer selectively reacts and can be removed as a water-soluble phenoxide [19] (equation 16)... 

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