Clathrates amines

Alteration of the amines readily modulates the molecular arrangement of the anthracene luminophore in co-crystalline salts, and hence, allows tuning of the luminescence. A crystalline inclusion complex is formed by the luminescent clathrate host (21) with various amine guests. The host-amine clathrates show guest-dependent emission enhancement and... 

Further, following up on Jeffrey s early work on amine hydrates (amine semiclathrates), numerous amines remain to be explored for hydrate phases. In particular, since it has also been observed that some amine clathrates as weU as stoichiometric alcohol hydrates show phase transitions to double clathrate hydrates in the presence of helpgases such as xenon, H2S, and methane, it becomes a worthwhile area for exploration. 

IR spectra, 2,469 protonation, 2, 465 zinc transport, 6, 672 Citric acid, fluoro-absolute configuration, 2, 478 Citric add, hydroxy-crystal structure, 2, 478 Clathrates amines, 2,25... 

The unusual cavities in Jeffrey s structure VI (4454,43596273) and structure VII (4668) have been observed only for single terf-butylamine guests and hexafluoro-phosphoric acid (HPF6-6H20) guests, respectively. tm-Butylamine, Me3CNH2 (Jeffrey and McMullan, 1967), is unique among amine hydrates since it forms a true clathrate rather than a semiclathrate. 

A novel class of crystalline, microporous aluminophosphate phases has been discovered. It represents the first class of molecular sieves with framework oxide compositions free of silica. The new class of materials encompasses some fourteen reported three-dimensional microporous framework structures, and six two-dimensional layer-type structures. The three-dimensional structures include structural analogues of the zeolites sodalite and erionite-offre-tite. The novel phases can be synthesized hydro-thermally in the presence of organic amines and quaternary ammonium templates. The template is entrapped or clathrated within the crystallizing aluminophosphate network. After thermal decomposition of the template the three-dimensional molecular sieves have the general composition of Al303 1.0 ... 

Unfortunately, none of the hydrate inclusion compounds which have less regular structures, such as the tetrabutyl and isoamylammonium salt hydrates [432] and the amine semi-clathrates [433, 434], has been studied by neutron dif-... 

In the alkylamine hydrates, with one exception, the functional group of the amine is hydrogen-bonded to or included with the water host lattice. These compounds are not true clathrates i.e., they, are sometimes referred to as semi-clathrates [433]. 

The majority of alkylamine hydrates are semi-clathrates . As Ihble 21.4 indicates, in all alkylamine hydrates except tert-butylamine, the amine molecule is hydrogen-bonded to the water framework, which, nevertheless, retains the cagelike structure. For this reason, these compounds are described as semi-clathrates . 

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