Amin Forts

Desmarets, C. Scheinder, R. Fort, Y. Nickel-mediated amination chemistry. Part 1 Efficient aminations of (het)aryl 1,3-di and 1,3,5-trichloride s. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 2875-2879. 

The mixed metal zeolites were prepared according to the procedure of Scherzer and Fort (18). There were, however, several additional preparations similar to those of Scherzer and Fort that we developed. First of all, ruthenium was introduced into zeolite Y and ZSM-5 as the cationic amine complex as reported by Jacobs and Uytterhoeven (19). Ruthenium was also added to the zeolite in an anionic complex form, either K Ru N) or K2Ru(CN) N0. For these anionic preparations, either copper, zinc or cobalt exchanged zeolites Y or ZSM-5 were used. 

The Baylis-Hillman reaction has become a very powerful carbon-carbon bond forming reaction in the past 20 years. A typical reaction involves an activated olefin (i.e., an acrylate) and an aldehyde in the presence of a tertiary amine such as diazobicyclo-[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) to form an a-meihylhydroxyacrylale. A host of activated olefins have been utilized including acrylates, acroleins, a, 3-unsaturated ketones, vinylsulfones, vinylphosphonates, vinyl nitriles, etc. The Baylis-Hillman has been successfully applied inter- and intramolecularly. In addition, there are numerous examples of asymmetric Baylis-Hilhnan reactions. Reviews (a) Ciganek, E. Org. React. 1997, 51, 201-478. (b) Basavaiah, D. Rao, P. D. Hyma, R. S. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 8001-8062. (c) Fort, Y. Berthe, M. C. Caubere, P. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 6371-6384. 

Fort and coworkers have reported the use of BuLi-(S)-N-methyl-2-pyrroUd-ine methoxide 10 for the chemo, regio- and enantioselective reaction of pyridine derivatives with aldehydes [22] (Scheme 3) in this chemistry the amine alkoxide plays a dual role in first preventing classical nucleophilic addition of BuLi onto the heteroaromatic ring, and secondly mediating the enantioselective addition. 

More detailed information about acid/base extraction can be found in any organic practical book. The details of the Cannizarro reaction are from J. C. Gilbert and S. F. Martin, Experimental Organic Chemistry, Harcourt, Fort Worth, 2002. The reduction of amides to amines comes from B. S. Furniss, A. J. Hannaford, P. W. G. Smith,... 

Fort used carbene ligands for intramolecular aminations, yielding five-, six- and seven-membered nitrogen heterocycles [97]. 

Syntheses have been reported for (-)-sannamine (2-deoxy-fort-amine) and its C-6 epimer, ( )-sporamine. ... 

Fort and co-workers first reported that [(IPr)2Ni] (formed in situ from [Ni(acac)2], SIPr-HCl, and base) allowed for the efficient amination of various aryl chlorides under mild conditions (Equation (10.6)). Both electron-poor and electron-rich substituents were supported as well as pyridinic core. A great variety of anilines and secondary amines were easily introduced in good to excellent yields. Primary amines also reacted in moderate yields with activated aryl chlorides. The catalytic cycle was presumably similar to that postulated for the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl halides using NHC-Pd systems. ... 

The Union Carbide CANSOLV pirocess is a relatively new FGD process that produces SO2. It utilizes, a proprietary, thermally regenerable organic amine-based solution, UCAR-SOL Absorbent LH-201, which is non-volatile, stable oxidatively and thermally, and designed to meet applicable health and safety standards. A pilot plant at Suncor Inc. s oil sands plant at Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, treated 7,000 acfm of flue gas from boilers burning 7% sulfur petroleum coke (Hakka and Barnett, 1991). 

Cependant, I effet de HONHa sur la formation de groupes amines n est pas trSs regulier parfois I amination du pyruvate n est que faiblement inhibee dans certains cas on observe, au contraire, une depression assez forte de la synthase d aminoacides partir du cetoglutarate, et non seulement du pyruvate (ce qui a alTecte les chiffres moyens du Tableau III). 

---