Amidocarbonylation and Cyclocarbonylation

2-Allylphenols were cydized in the presence of syngas to five- to seven-membered ring lactones in ionic liquid media with a catalyst derived from Pd2(dba)2 and 

Ether Benzene Toluene IPE Cyclohexane 5.4 Solubility of ionic liquids in organic solvents at room temperature [34], 

Palladium-catalyzed amidocarbonylation of aldehyde amide mixtures was performed in ionic liquids to obtain N-acyl-a-amino acids [36]. It was found that strongly acidic ionic liquids such as [Rmim]HS04 (R= —(CH2)3S03H) act as powerful cocatalysts giving higher yields compared to traditionally added sulfuric acid. A subsequent biphasic approach was applied to the workup of catalytic batches and the catalyst-containing IL phase reused without further addition of palladium, phosphine, or cocatalyst. 

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