Aluminum, core-electron binding energy

M. Boman, H, Agren, and S. Stafstrom, A J-SCF study of core electron binding energies of model molecules for the aluminum/polythiophene interface, J. Phys. Chem 99 16597 (1995). 

Additional structures in PE spectra can result from mul-tiplet splitting (Fig. 10b shows an example), which is discussed in more detail in Section II.H, plasmon losses, and even the X-ray source itself. Plasmon losses, which are of little analytical use, are observed in the PE and Auger spectra of clean metal surfaces, as shown in Fig. 10c for a clean aluminum surface. They result from collective oscillations in the conduction band excited by the outgoing electron which thereby suffers a discrete energy loss. The plasmon frequency and multiples thereof are observed as a characteristic series of peaks on the high binding energy side of the main core line. 

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