Aluminium zirconium chloride

Zirconium (present as aluminium zirconium chloride hydroxide complexes) Antiperspirants FAAS... 

Aluminium chloride and concentrated NH OH were from Baker. Titanium tetrachloride, and zirconium chloride were from Aldrich. Deionized water was obtained using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Corp). 

Obtained by Fries rearrangement of 2-meth-oxyphenyl propionate with zirconium chloride in o-dichlorobenzene 1 h at 120° (good yield) [6467] or with aluminium chloride in nitrobenzene at 20° for 24 h (28%) [7127]. 

The action of carbon tetrachloride or a mixture of chlorine with a hydrocarbon or carbon monoxide on the oxide.—H. N. Warren 9 obtained aluminium chloride by heating the oxide to redness with a mixture of petroleum vapour and hydrogen chloride or chlorine, naphthalene chloride or carbon tetrachloride was also used. The bromide was prepared in a similar manner. E. Demarpay used the vapour of carbon tetrachloride, the chlorides of chromium, titanium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, and molybdenum H. Quantin, a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine and W. Heap and E. Newbery, carbonyl chloride. 

AR grade acetic anhydride, dodecatugstophasphoric acid-a heteropolyacid (HPA), zirconium oxychloride, anhydrous aluminium chloride, sodium carbonate and ammonium sulphate were obtained from s.d.Fine Chem. Ltd, Mumbai. 2-MON (yarayara) was obtained from Aerofine Industries Ltd, Mumbai. Amberlyst-15 was procured from Rohm and Huss, USA., and Indion-130 from Ion Exchange (India) Ltd. These catalysts were used as such. Zeolites ZSM-5, Y and Mordenite were obtained from M/s Associated Cement Company (ACC), India. Commercially available acid treated KIO montmorillonite clay was obtained from Fluka. SWy-2 (Wyoming Na -montmorillonite) was obtained from Clay Minerals Society, Source Clay Minerals Repository, Missouri University, Columbia, USA. 

Trichlorophenol and a little zirconium tetrachloride was treated with chlorine at 80C. with aluminium chloride the yield was 70%... 

A vertical furnace with a static bed is usually employed and the zirconium tetrachloride subhmes out into an air-cooled mild-steel condenser, together with a high proportion of siUcon tetrachloride and O l to 1 per cent of titanium tetrachloride, aluminium chloride and ferric chloride. The sub-hmation temperature of zirconium tetrachloride under atmospheric pressure is about 330°C and it is an advantage to condense at about 200°C to obtain a high proportion of it as a dense crystalline product. This aids removal of the more volatile titanium, aluminium and siUcon chlorides. 

The solutions in acetic acid contain scarcely dissociated ion-pairs owing to its low dielectric constant. Some reactions lead to solvolysis products, such as FeCl(RCOO)2. Partial hydrolysis is found to occur with ferric and aluminium chloride, titanium(IV), niobium(V) and tantalum(V)-chlorides, while halides of arsenic(III), zirconium(IV), thorium(IV) and uranium(IV) are completely solvo-lysed. The high reactivity is undoubtedly due to the presence of acetate ions, and ethylacetate gives many more adducts with acceptor molecules than does acetic acid. 

The pyrometallurgical methods were developed based on the differences between zirconium and hafnium in oxidation and reduction characteristics [11, 12] volatility [13-16] electrochemical properties [17-19] and molten metal-molten salt equilibrium [20, 21], The extractive distillation process, using carbochlori-nation of zircon [13], is in operation by CEZUS in France. Both chlorides are sublimated and run through a vertical distillation column containing molten aluminium chloride and potassium chloride. Both hafnium and zirconium tetrachloride chlorides dissolve, but hafnium tetrachloride has a higher vapour pressure and is therefore condensed from the top of the column in a hafnium-enriched mixture. The zirconium tetrachloride is partitioned to a liquid phase and recovered from a salt, typically containing less than 50 ppm hafnium. 

Hydrated antimony pentoxide Hydrated manganese dioxide Anhydrous manganese dioxide Acidic aluminium oxide Tin dioxide Zirconium phosphate Cupric sulphide Cuprous chloride Cerous oxalate Anion exchange resin Cation exchange resin... 

Many of the palladium- and nickel-catalysed reactions of alkenyl-aluminium or -zirconium compounds which fail or give low yields of cross-coupled products can be promoted to give the desired product in high yield by the addition of catalytic amounts of zinc chloride. " Trisubstituted olefins (40), for example, can be synthesized in good yield (ca. 70%) from the metal complex (38) in the presence of a palladium or nickel phosphine complex and zinc chloride. This reaction is particularly attactive for the one-pot synthesis of natural products containing... 

Deodorants and antiperspirants Aluminium and zinc Zirconium (soluble) Boric acid Chlorides Sulfates Hexachlorophene Methenamine Phenosulfonates Urea... 

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