Allotropes of oxygen

Over 100 years ago it had been demonstrated that ozone (Oj). the unstable triatomic allotrope of oxygen, could destroy molds and bacteria and by 1892 several experimental ozone plants were in operation in Europe. In the 1920s, however, as a result of wartime research, during World War I, chlorine became readily... 

Ozone, O3, is the triatomic allotrope of oxygen. It is an unstable, blue diamagnetic gas with a characteristic pungent odour indeed, it was first detected by means of its smell, as reflected by its name (Greek o eiv, ozein, to smell) coined by C. F. Schonbein in 1840. Ozone can be detected by its smell in concentrations as low as 0.01 ppm the maximum permissible concentration for continuous exposure is 0.1 ppm but levels as high as 1 ppm are considered non-toxic if breathed for less than 10 min. 

Allotrope One of two or more forms of an element in the same physical state. Graphite and diamond are allotropes of carbon 02 and 03 are allotropes of oxygen, 250... 

An allotrope of oxygen, ozone, 03 (8), is formed in the stratosphere by the effect of solar radiation on 02 molecules. Its total abundance in the atmosphere is equivalent to a layer that, at the ordinary conditions of 25°C and 1 bar, would cover the Earth to a thickness of only 3 mm, yet its presence in the stratosphere is vital to the maintenance of life on Earth (see Box 13.3). Ozone can be made in the laboratory by passing an electric discharge through oxygen. It is a blue gas that... 

Recently a new allotrope of oxygen was discovered. When is subjected to great pressure, it is converted into O, which is a deep red solid that is a much more powerful oxidizer than the other forms of oxygen. 

Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen with the chemical formula O3. (Allotropes are different forms of an element.) That is, ozone molecules contain three atoms per molecule in contrast to the two atoms per molecule found in the more abundant dioxygen (O2). It is a bluish gas with a pungent odor that is chemically unstable. 

The triatomic molecule allotrope of oxygen was discovered in 1839 by Schonbein who detected it from its smell and thus named it ozone (o eiv ozein emitting a smell). The nature of the molecule was established in 1865 by Soret. Thenard discovered hydrogen peroxide in 1818. Water was known as an Element, from Thales of Milet ( 600 B. C.) to the time of Cavendish... 

Ozone (O3) is an unstable allotrope of oxygen with a life span in water of only a few minutes. Its rate of decomposition is hastened by high pH... 

Oxygen is the most abundant element on the earth s surface. It occurs both in the free state and as a component in innumerable compounds. The common allotrope of oxygen is dioxygen (O2) or oxygen gas the other allotrope is ozone (O3). 

Ozone, O3, is an allotrope of oxygen that adds rapidly to carbon-carbon double bonds, which is followed by reductive or oxidative cleavage. 

The existence of an elementary substance in two forms is called allotropy (Greek alldtropia, variety, from alios, other, and tropos, direction). Ordinary oxygen and ozone are the allotropes of oxygen. Allotropy is shown by many elements it is due either to the existence of two or more kinds of molecules (containing different numbers of atoms) or to the existence of two or more different crystalline forms that is, of different arrangements of the atoms or molecules in a crystalline array. 

Nascent oxygen— An allotrope of oxygen whose molecules each contain a single oxygen atom. 

Ozone— An allotrope of oxygen that consists of three atoms per molecule. 

Oxygen exists in three allotropic forms. Allotropes are forms of an element with different physical and chemical properties. The three allotropes of oxygen are normal oxygen, or diatomic oxygen, or dioxygen nascent, atomic, or monatomic oxygen and ozone, or triatomic oxygen. The three allotropes differ from each other in a number of ways. 

The third allotrope of oxygen, ozone, has three atoms in each molecule. The chemical formula is O3. Like nascent oxygen, ozone does not exist for very long under normal conditions. It tends to break down and form dioxygen ... 

There are two allotropes of oxygen—O2, the most common, and O3, called ozone. Ozone is a highly unstable and reactive gas that is considered a pollutant in the lower atmosphere. However, in the upper atmosphere, ozone protects Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Ozone is responsible for the pungent odor you may notice during thimder and lightning storms or while operating your computer or other electronic equipment. 

A molecular formula shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance. In our discussion of molecules, each example was given with its molecular formula in parentheses. Thus H2 is the molecular formula for hydrogen, O2 is oxygen, O3 is ozone, and H2O is water. The subscript numeral indicates the number of atoms of an element present. There is no subscript for O in H2O because there is only one atom of oxygen in a molecule of water, and so the number one is omitted from the formula. Note that oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) are allotropes of oxygen. An allotrope is one of two or more distinct forms of an element. Two allotropic forms of the element carbon—diamond and graphite—are dramatically different not only in properties but also in their relative cost. 

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