Alkylphenoxy carboxylates

Several methods, applying MS-MS techniques, for the identification and characterization of APEOs and their metabolites, alkylphenoxy carboxylates (APECs) and alkylphenols (APs) in environmental liquid and solid samples and industrial blends are reported. APCI-MS-MS... 

Alternatively, bromination of the corresponding octylphenol carbox-ylate has also been described as an efficient way to synthesise brominated alkylphenoxy carboxylates [26,39]. Because of the lack of standards the presence of brominated carboxyalkylphenoxy ethoxy carboxylates (BrCAPEC) in a tertiary-treated wastewater effluent has been reported on a semiquantitative basis [30]. 

Due to the formation of emulsions, the liquid-liquid extraction of nonionic surfactants, e.g., APEO is restricted to their less surface-active metabolites, i.e., APEO with 1-3 ethoxy units, alkylphenoxy carboxylates (APEC) and alkylphenols (AP). Noncontinuous liquid-liquid extraction of water samples with methylene chloride using a separatory funnel has been applied for NP and NPEO (1-3 ethoxy units) [3132]. Also an ultrasonic bath has been shown to be suitable for the liquid-liquid extraction of APEO and AEO from water samples [33]. Continuous liquid-liquid extraction (percolation) has been successfully used for the concentration of short-chained APEO and AP too [31]. Steam distillation/ solvent extraction using an apparatus designed by Veith and Kiwus [34] is a sophisticated method of concentrating steam-distillable AP and APEO (1-3 ethoxy units) from water samples [2,35]. AEO have been efficiently extracted by combination of reflux hydrolysis with sulfuric acid and steam distillation with a "Karlsruhe Apparatus" [36]. 

Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO), octylphenol ethoxylate (OPEO), alkylphenoxy carboxylate (APEC), halogenated alkylphenols (BrOP, ClOP, BrNP, CINP), halogenated NPEOs (BrNPEOs, ClNPEOs) Bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol-F (BPF)... 

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