Alkylation and Related Reactions

For a monograph, see Roberts, R.M. Khalaf, A.A. Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Chemistry Marcel Dekker NY, 1984. For a treatise on Friedel-Crafts reactions in general, see Olah, G.A. Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions Wiley NY, 1963-1965. Volume 1 covers general aspects, such as catalyst activity, intermediate complexes, and so on. Volume 2 covers alkylation and related reactions. In this volume the various reagents are treated by the indicated authors as follows alkenes and alkanes, Patinkin, S.H. Friedman, B.S. p. 1 ... 

The use of chiral A-acylated sultams 1 as auxiliaries for diastereoselective alkylation and related reactions has emerged as a useful and versatile method for the construction of chiral compounds. Both enantiomers of 10.10-dimethyl-4-a2a-3-thiatricyclo[S.2.1,0 -5]decane 3,3-dioxide (bomane-10,2-sultam) have been employed1-6 and are now commercially available. A chiral sultam prepared from saccharin has also been used for a variety of asymmetric transformations8,9. 

Chapter IV. Esterification, Etherification, De-alkylation, and Related Reactions. 32... 

This Chapter is subdivided into five Sections dealing with alkylation and related reactions activation of aryl and vinyl halides by transition metals to manufacture fine chemicals butadiene chemistry olefin oligomerization car-bene chemistry and asymmetric cyclopropanation. 

Conventional acid- or base-catalyzed alkylation and related reactions have evolved towards the use of solid metal compounds with acid or base properties,... 

Metal oxide species with acid or basic properties as efficient catalysts for alkylation and related reactions have been discussed in Section 5.2. An alternative approach is based on reactions of covalent metal-to-carbon (M-C) bonds. Transition metals are well-suited for this task, as they form directional bonds using hybrid orbitals, and undergo low-energy electron promotion and transfer processes. There are now many industrial processes involving transition metal-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation (for example, carbonylation, metathesis, and polymerization reactions, see Chapters 4, 6 and 7, respectively). In sections 5.3-5.4 we deal with other C-C bond forming reactions that can lead to fine chemicals (see Chapter 1). 

Schmerling, L., in "Friedel Crafts and Related Reactions in Alkylation and Related Reactions." Olah, G. A. (ed.). Interscience Publishers (1964). 

From these discoveries branched his work in hydrogenation (both organic and inorganic), isomerization, polymerization, condensation, cyclization, alkylation, and related reactions... 

Figure 12.5 Key reaction paths for alkylation and related reactions [9].

---