Alkylammonium modifiers

Fomes, T. D., Hunter, D. L., and Paul, D. R. Nylon-6 nanocomposites from alkylammonium-modified clay The role of alkyl tails on exfoliation, Macromolecules (2004), 37, 1793-1798. 

Butzloff and D Souza [57] investigated the controlled use of water in the synthesis of epoxy/alkylammonium modified montmorUlonite systems. 

The incorporation of bio-based epoxy into clay nanoplatelets is one of the best combinations for developing environmentally benign high performance materials. High performance nanocomposites of vegetable oil-based epoxy resins and alkylammonium modified montomorillonite (MMT) have been already reported by many researchers. 

Fu, Y. T. and Heinz, H. 2010. Cleavage energy of alkylammonium-modified montmorillonite and the relation to exfoliation in nanocomposites Influence of cation density, head group stmc-ture, and chain length. Chemistry of Materials 22 1595-1605. 

Similar results for isothermal degradation of different alkylammonium-modified clays were obtained by Cui et al. [16], However, the authors noted that isothermal percentage mass loss data for samples with significantly different molecular weights do not precisely reflect the extent of degradation (conversion). Comparable stability was displayed when mass loss was related to moles of surfactant surfactants. 

Study [25] concluded that this fire performance is probably due to filler-induced increased char formation, because the reductions in PHRR are roughly comparable for all four composites, despite their morphological variations (ranging from very good nanoscale and mesoscale dispersions for the MMT-based nanocomposites to rather poor dispersions and conventional composite structures for the magadiite-based composites [25]). In addition, when the fire behavior of these PET nanocomposites [25] was compared with that of PS nanocomposites [47] (based on both alkylquinolinium- and alkylammonium-modified MMT), it was suggested that the thermally stable quinolinium surfactants are more effective in fire-resistance improvement than the alkylammonium surfactants [25]. 

Products that take advantages of the attributes of MMT nanocomposites (stiffening, barrier properties, lighter weight) are mostly low-melt temperature resins, because the existing alkylammonium modifiers have limited thermal stability during the processing of... 

FIGURE 9.6 XRD pattern of a clay-epoxy system (epoxy/DM-clay) before and after curing prepared by the exfoliation-adsorption process, and for comparison, bis(2-hydrox-yethyl)methyl tallow alkylammonium-modified MMT (Epoxy/clay-30B). (From Ref. 43, copyright 2004, American Chemical Society, with permission.)... 

Nylon-6 nanocomposites from alkylammonium-modified day the role of alkyl tails on exfoliation. Macromolecules, 37,1793-1798. 

An important property of ionic liquids is their high thermal stability. This can be used to advantage to overcome the limited thermal stabihty of existing alkylammonium modifiers used to enhance dispersion, wetting and compatibihty of nanoclays in mostly low melt temperature resins. Thus, treatment of layered nanoclays with appropriate ILs may open new avenues for the preparation of nanocomposites from high temperature... 

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