Alkenes oxidative 1,2-difunctionalization, palladium

In recent years, an alternative approach toward oxidative difunctionalization reactions of alkenes has become available. It uses a stepwise sequence of two different C-X bond-forming events. Palladium catalysis has proven to be most versatile in this context. While general difunctionahzation reactions with a substrate scope as broad as the AD reaction are still to be developed, the diversity with respect to functional group incorporation is already impressive. It is particularly important to note that these two-step processes of difunctionalization require different individual catalyst performance for each individual C-X bond formation. 

Under oxidative conditions, double additions to alkenes can be achieved. Treatment of alkene 6.104 with phthalimide in the presence of a palladium catalyst, as well as iodosobenzene diacetate as both an oxidizing agent and as an acetate source, gave a 1,2-difunctionalized product 6.105 (Scheme 6.35). The reaction is believed to proceed through a Pd(IV) intermediate. Intramolecular difunctionalization has also been reported (Schemes 6.36 and 6.37). ... 

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