Alkanes constitutional isomerism

The Structure of Alkanes Constitutional Isomerism in Alkanes Nomenclature of Alkanes and the lUPAC System Cycloalkanes... 

The Number of Constitutionally Isomeric Alkanes of Particular Molecular Formulas... 

Two constitutionally isomeric alkanes have the molecular formula C4H10 One has an unbranched chain (CH3CH2CH2CH3) and is called n butane, the other has a branched chain [(CH3)3CH] and is called isobutane Both n butane and isobutane are common names... 

Constitutional isomerism is not limited to alkanes—it occurs widely throughout organic chemistry. Constitutional isomers may have different carbon skeletons (as in isobutane and butane), different functional groups (as in ethanol and dimethyl ether), or different locations of a functional group along the chain (as in isopropylamine and propylamine). Regardless of the reason for the isomerism, constitutional isomers are always different compounds with different properties, but with the same formula. 

Section 2.8 Two constitutionally isomeric alkanes have the molecular formula C4Hi0. 

Alkanes structure, constitutional isomerism, and nomenclature cycloalkanes 11.1-11.5... 

B-ll. An alkane with a molecular formula C6H14 reacts with chlorine in the presence of light and heat to give four constitutionally isomeric monochlorides of molecular formula C6H13C1. What is the most reasonable structure for the starting alkane ... 

Two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different properties are called isomers. Isomers with different arrangements of bonded atoms are constitutional (or structural) isomers alkanes with the same number of C atoms but different skeletons are examples. The smallest alkane to exhibit constitutional isomerism has four C atoms two different compounds have the formula C4H10, as shown in Table 15.3 on the next page. The unbranched one is butane (common name, /t-butane n- stands for normal, or having a straight chain), and the other is 2-methylpropane (common name, i obutane). Similarly, three compounds... 

Constitutional isomerism in alkenes is more complicated than in alkanes. There are two ways in which alkenes can differ in connectivity—not only different carbon skeletons as in alkanes but also different locations of the double bond within any carbon skeleton. 

Analogous to the alkenes and other families of compounds (except for alkanes), there are two sources of constitutional isomerism in alcohols—different carbon skeletons and different locations of the OH group within any carbon skeleton. 

Butane (C Hj ) and the other alkanes above it can exhibit constitutional isomerism. If the alkane is unbranched and has a straight chain, it is called -alkane. For example, the straight chain pentane is called n-Pentane. 

Constitutional Isomerism and the Physical Properties of Alkanes Chiral Molecules and Optical Isomerism Alkenes Alkynes... 

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