Aliphatic halogen compounds halogenated ethylenes

It was found that the reaction was a general one between aliphatic halogen compounds and water-soluble allaJine or Jkaline-earth polysulfides. Many different organic dihalides have been found to react with ium polysulfide to produce polymers. Commercially available dihalides include uthylene dichloride, propylene dichloride, dichloroethyl ether, tri ycol dichloride, and dichlorodiethyl formal. Dichlorodiethyl formal is the chief dihalide used in the polymers produced in the United States. It is made by the reaction of ethylene chlorohydrin with formaldehyde in the presence of an acidic catalyst ... 

Such xenobiotics as aliphatic hydrocarbons and derivatives, chlorinated ahphatic compounds (methyl, ethyl, methylene, and ethylene chlorides), aromatic hydrocarbons and derivatives (benzene, toluene, phthalate, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and phenol), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic compounds (chlorophenols, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins and relatives, DDT and relatives), AZO dyes, compounds with nitrogroups (explosive-contaminated waste and herbicides), and organophosphate wastes can be treated effectively by aerobic microorganisms. 

Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions This Section is concerned with photo-induced cyclization reactions of aromatic compounds in which the final product is also an arene. Examples of intramolecular cyclization in which the product is a stable aliphatic system (e.g. intramolecular meta photocycloaddition of ethylenes to benzenes) are considered in Section 3 of this Chapter. The present type of process occurs for a wide variety of systems and may involve arene-arene and arene-ethylene photo-oxidative cyclization or reactions proceeding by loss of halogen acid. For several years now one of the major interests in these processes has been in their use as synthetic procedures and again within the review period there have appeared a number of accounts which illustrate this feature. Stilbene-... 

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