Aligned nanotube composites

Ajayan PM, Stephen O, Colliex C, Trauth D (1994). Aligned carbon nanotube arrays formed by cutting a polymer resin-nanotube composite. Science 265 1212-1214. 

Feng W, Bai XD, Lian YQ, Liang J, Wang XG, Yoshino K (2003). Well-aligned polyaniline/car-bon-nanotube composite films grown by in-situ aniline polymerization. Carbon 41 1551-1557. 

Garcia EJ, Wardle BL, Hart AJ. Joining prepreg composite interfaces with aligned carbon nanotubes. Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2008 39(6) 1065-70. 

The preparation of noncovalently bound nanotube composites proves most simple. The desired products are obtained by mixing the constituent substances (in solution or in a melt) or by polymerizing the monomer in the presence of the nanotubes. The melt extrusion of a nanotube-polymer mixture may yield such materials as well. In the latter case, the nanotubes are already aligned in parallel to some extent, which has a beneficial effect on the product s rigidity. Figure 3.88b shows an example of a noncovalent composite. 

W. Feng, X. D. Bai, Y. Q. Lian, J. Liang, X. G. Wang, and K. Yoshino, Well-aligned polyani-line/carbon-nanotube composite films grown by in-situ aniline polymerization Carbon, 41, 1551-1557 (2003). 

Weng, W., Sun, Q., Zhang, Y., Lin, H.L, Ren, L, Lu, X.,Wang, M., Peng, H.S., 2014. Wmduig aligned carbon nanotube composite yarns into coaxial fiber full batteries with high performances. Nano Lett. 14, 3432-3438. 

The first record of the formation of epoxy nanotube composites comes from a paper by Ajayan et in 1994. In this work, nanotubes were aligned within the epoxy matrix by the shear forces induced by cutting with a diamond knife. However, no quantitative mechanical measurements were made. 

Ajayan, P. Stephan, O. Colliex, C. Trauth, D. (1994) Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays Formed by Cutting a Polymer Resin-Nanotube Composite. Science. Vol.265, No.5176, pp.1212-1214, ISSN 0036-8075... 

Raman spectroscopy has been used to probe interactions occurring in PAni nanotube [23-24] composites, the orientation of nanotube bundles within a matrix [25, 26], and the efficiency of load transfer from the host matrix to SWCNTs [27,28]. Unlike X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods [12], Raman spectroscopy can detect very low concentrations of SWCNTs in a polymer matrix [29,30]. The degree of orientation of aligned nanotubes can be estimated by polarized Raman spectroscopy due to the presence of a strong resonance Raman scattering effect [31,32]. Polarized Raman spectroscopy in combination with a mathematical model [33] has been employed to characterize the orientational order of nanotubes in polymers [34]. Using this model, the polarized Raman intensity of nanotubes is correlated with the orientation order parameters of SWCNTs in a utuaxially oriented system. An orientation distribution function can then be obtained. 

Weng W, et al. Winding aligned carbon nanotube composite yams into coaxial fiber fiiU batteries with high performances. Nano Lett 2014 14(6) 3432—8. 

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