Aircraft Superiority

If aircraft are carrying the same instruments as the satellites, then their superiority seems to go without saying, for common-sense reasons of which I will cite only a few. 

These two reasons by themselves demonstrate the superiority of the airplane. However, I think this fact clinches the matter only the aircraft and helicopter give acceptable resolutions for detail studies, i.e. scales larger than 1 50000. 

NASA understood this evident superiority. Starting in the fall of 1970, an operational aircraft service has been provided. This once-per-month service, equipped with exactly the same TV cameras and spectrometers as those on the ERTS, regularly overflies selected areas of the United States. I hope that all major countries will follow this example without delay. 

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ARALL laminates, a family of hybrid composites consisting of aramid fibers bonded with epoxy between 0.3 mm thick aircraft ahoy sheets, were introduced in the 1980s (53). The laminates have lower density than even the new Al—Li ahoys and are greatly superior to monolithic aluminum sheet in resisting the growth of fatigue cracks. ARALL laminates have been specified for aircraft stmcture which is subjected to cycHc tension loads (see Laminates). 

The advent of advanced fiber-reinforced composite materials has been called the biggest technical revolution since the jet engine [1-4], This claim is very striking because the tremendous impact of the jet engine on military aircraft performance is readily apparent. The impact on commercial aviation is even more striking because the airlines stwitched from propeller-driven planes to all-jet fleets within the span of just a few years because of superior performance and lower maintenance costs. 

Type 90 Torpedo contd 880 lbs of Type 94 or Shimose (Obsolete replaced by Type 93) Type 93 Model 1 Mod 2 contd 1080 lbs of Type 97 Expl was 29 ft 6 inches long 24 inches in diam used in destroyers and cruisers. It was the standard Navy torpedo and a very superior weapon. There was also a Model 3 carrying 1700 lbs of Type 97 Expl Type 91 Modsl, 2, 3, 3 (Special), 4, 6 and 7 were standard aircraft torpedoes of diam 17.7 inches and 17 ft 3 inches to 18 ft 10 inches long which carried 340 to 900 lbs of Shimose, Type 94,97 or 98 Expl... 

Epoxies show superior adhesion to metals and glass, and have limited shrinkage during cure. They are used for surface coatings, as adhesives and rc>r laminating to produce plastic tanks, pipe, and aircraft parts, etc (Ref 3, p 445-R). They also have been used in manuf of plastics (Ref 1), construction of rockets St missiles (Ref 2) and in manuf of explosive compositions of improved mechanical and thermal stability (Ref 4)... 

Tool steels listed in Table 13 are commonly used for temperatures above 175°C where hot hardness is required. M50 tool steel has been widely used, for instance, for the severe conditions encountered in aircraft jet engine bearings (42). Figure 2 shows the superior hot hardness of M50 as compared with traditional through-hardened 52100 and case-hardened 4620 steels (39). 

TDLAS measures the absorption of monochromatic light by CO in a multipass flow cell (77). The time response is controlled by the flow of air through the cell. In theory, the instrument is fast enough for application to aircraft measurement of CO flux by eddy correlation. A reported precision of 1 ppbv or 1% is superior to other techniques. The instrument is not commercially available. 

BISMALEIMIDE POLYMERS. These relatively new polymeric materials were developed to serve the increasing requirements for materials of high strength in high-temperature applications. Currently, a high percentage of the bismaleimides produced are used for printed circuit boards (PCBs). The materials usually are cured with aromatic amines and then compression molded into the PCBs. Future uses include aircraft structural components where bismaleimides may prove superior for high-temperature skin surface applications as compared with present epoxy composites. 

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