AICI3

The term acid was extended by Lewis to include substances which are electron acceptors. Thus AICI3 can accept electrons from a chloride ion forming the [AICI4] ion and is a Lewis acid. 

Aluminium monochloride, AlCl, is formed at very high temp eratures from AICI3 and Al. The reaction is reversed on cooling. 

BMC A very powerful perchlorinating agent (to replace all H by Cl) prepared from S2CI2, SO2CI2 and AICI3. 

Bromobenzene,Cf,HfSr. B.p. 155°C. Prepared from benzene by direct bromination in the presence of a carrier (Ij, Fe, AICI3) or by... 

An unstable lower oxidation stale is found in Cd - CdCl and Cd - CdCl - AICI3 melts and may contain Cd — Cd bonds. The common co-ordination number for Cd is 6 (octahedral) although 4 and 5 co-ordination are known. 

Dehydrated (e.g. AICI3) to cyclohexene. Used in the manufacture of celluloid, esters (plasticizers), detergents and printing inks. 

Gattermann-Koch reaction Formylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon to yield the corresponding aldehyde by treatment with CO, HCl and AICI3 at atmospheric pressure CuCl is also required. The reaction resembles a Friedel-Crafts acylation since methanoyl chloride, HCOCl, is probably involved. 

GattermaDD synthesis A method for the synthesis of aromatic hydroxyaldehydes. E.g. AICI3 is used to bring about the condensation of phenol with a mixture of gaseous hydrochloric acid and hydrocyanic acid an aldimine hydrochloride is formed and on hydrolysis gives p-hydroxybenzaldehyde... 

Methods of producing B —C bonds include hydroboration, nucleophilic displacement at a boron atom in BX., (X = halogens or B(0R>3) by e.g. a Grignard reagent, and a psewiio-Friedel-Crafts reaction with an aromatic hydrocarbon, BX3, and AICI3. 

Early calculations of a similar kind indicated that the compound AlCl is unlikely to exist but at temperatures above about HOOK aluminium oxide AI2O3 and the trichloride AICI3 react to form the compound AlCl on cooling this disproportionates to give the trichloride and aluminium metal... 

Metals in higher oxidation states form halides which are essentially covalent, for example AICI3, SnCl, FeClj when these compounds dissolve in water they do so by a strongly exothermic process. Indeed it is perhaps incorrect to think of this only as a dissolution process, since it is more like a chemical reaction—but to differentiate for a particular substance is not easy, as we shall see. The steps involved in the case of aluminium chloride can be represented as... 

The D-A rxn is promoted by Lewis acids (T1CI4, BF3 AICI3, AIEt2CI, SnCLj,...)... 

We found a way to overcome charge-charge repulsion when activating the nitronium ion when Tewis acids were used instead of strong Bronsted acids. The Friedel-Crafts nitration of deactivated aromatics and some aliphatic hydrocarbons was efficiently carried out with the NO2CI/3AICI3 system. In this case, the nitronium ion is coordinated to AICI3. 

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