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Aggregations transformations

In some cases, a transition between J- and H-aggregates has also been observed. Mori et al. (1996) showed that astaxanthin H-aggregates transform into J-aggregates in a few hours. These authors studied the transformation in the 2°C-32°C temperature range and concluded that assemblies corresponding to H- and J-aggregates are separated by an energy barrier that allows the H to J... [Pg.149]

Finally, one question that might arise is how the q- behavior for an aggregate transforms to... [Pg.643]

The cationic fluorinated surfactant, FC-4, unlike other surfactants, forms micelles in the room temperature ionic liquid, l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (bmimTf2N). Surface tension, freeze-fracture TEM, F NMR, H NMR, and FTIR measurements revealed that the FC-4 cation forms an ion pair with the Tf2N anion, the ion pairs undergo association to form premicellar aggregates, and the premicellar aggregates transform into micelles at the CMC. Reverse micelles are... [Pg.466]

Muller, V. M. 1983. Theory of aggregation transformations and stability of hydrophobic colloids. Science thesis. Leningrad, Russia Leningrad State University. [Pg.173]

Dispersion of a soHd or Hquid in a Hquid affects the viscosity. In many cases Newtonian flow behavior is transformed into non-Newtonian flow behavior. Shear thinning results from the abiHty of the soHd particles or Hquid droplets to come together to form network stmctures when at rest or under low shear. With increasing shear the interlinked stmcture gradually breaks down, and the resistance to flow decreases. The viscosity of a dispersed system depends on hydrodynamic interactions between particles or droplets and the Hquid, particle—particle interactions (bumping), and interparticle attractions that promote the formation of aggregates, floes, and networks. [Pg.173]

The advent of competition has virtually transformed the industry in evei y aspect, including its name. In the not too recent past, the industry was referred to as the electric utility industry. Today, given its significantly wide and numerous participants, it is more appropriate to refer to the industry as the electric power industry. This new power industry has new power generation and sales participants with names such as qualifying facilities, exempt wholesale generators, merchant facilities, small power production facilities, power marketers, and sales aggregators. [Pg.411]

The geometry and surface chemistry of the dendrimer assemblies can be varied through the addition of surfactants. These dendrimer/surfactant aggregates can be tuned to template the formation of the different phases of calcium carbonate [40]. In combination with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), small spherical aggregates were formed that induce the formation of vaterite. Over a period of five days, the vaterite was transformed into calcite. The use of the negatively charged surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDS), result-... [Pg.154]


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