Agglomeration by heat

A recent publication of the International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI) lists the total number of operating units in the Western world at the end of 1987 as 100 with a combined effective capacity of 163 million metric tons per 

In the meantime, the principle of first forming and then indurating agglomerates is also applied for other materials, particularly nonferrous ores and metal-bearing recycled or reclaimed wastes. 

Total units Average age (years) Efficiency capacity (million metric t/y) Production Country 1986 (million metric t) Total strands Average age (years) Efficiency capacity (million metric t/y) Production 1986 (million metric t) 

80 Japan Malaysia Pakistan Republic of Korea Taiwan (ROC) 

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See Binding mechanism (Section 2.2). Technique involving induration of green agglomerate by heat. Generally, bonding at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent by application of heat. 

III. Agglomeration by Heat (see Chapter 9) At elevated temperatures, close to the melting point or softening range of a material, the atoms and molecules at the surface of a solid particle become so mobile that they can move across the interface at a contact point between two particles solid bridges, so called sinter bridges, develop. 

Agglomeration by heat or, more generally, thermal agglomeration, is sometimes used for special applications in food or food related industries. 

Section 8.2). The advantage of using a sinter strand for the agglomeration by heat is that the machine can be easily used for the manufacture of additives to building materials tvith different compositions and qualities (Fig. 6.7-44 [6.3.7.1]). 

Agglomeration by heat or sintering is also very common in the metallurgical industry. However it is mostly applied for the size enlargement of feed materials (minerals. Section 6.8.3), for the preparation of secondary raw materials from metal bearing by-and waste-products (Section 8.2) and for the development of final properties of powder metallurgical parts (Chapter 7). These chapters should be consulted for further information. 

For fine metal ores and, more recently, for iron-bearing waste materials, agglomeration by heat (sintering), a less frequently used size-enlargement technology, is used. All agglomeration methods can be used to manufacture products for recycling and secondary raw materials. 

Other technologies comprise agglomeration by heat, also called sintering, and methods that manipulate fine particulate solids such that specific structures are produced. They are not normally used to produce granular materials for general applications... 

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