Adsorption, distribution metabolism, and elimination

Penicillamine Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination Profile... 

ADMET properties (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicology) in the case of medicinal drug candidates. 

The most serious bottleneck in pharmaceutical development is the ability to complete ADMET (adsorption-distribution-metabolism-elimination-toxicity) studies early enough in the development process to focus resources on the best drug candidates. Of particular importance are human surrogates that can improve the probability that a drug will be successful in clinical trials. Such trials may cost more than a 100 million dollars and success at the rate of one in three rather than current values (about one in ten) would offer significant economic advantage. 

This perspective has examined the approaches to molecular modeling and drug design and emphasized their limitations. The reader should be aware, however, that these tools are daily used on many problems of therapeutic interest with increasing success. This is clearly witnessed by publications of such studies in almost every issue of current major journals. For specific application areas, such as RNA (490, 491), DNA (492-496), membrane (497-507), or peptidomimetic modeling (382, 508-513), the reader is referred to the literature. The prediction of molecular properties, such as log P and correlation between substructures and metabolism, has led to a dramatic increase in efforts to correlate adsorption, distribution (514), metabolism (515-617), and elimination (ADME) with chemical... 

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