Additional means of insulin administration

While the potential of such systems is obvious, they have not become popular in practice, mainly due to complications which can potentially arise, including  

The closed-loop system (often termed the artificial pancreas ) is essentially a more sophisticated version of the system described above. It consists not only of a pump and infusion device, but also an integral glucose sensor and computer, which analyses the blood glucose data obtained and adjusts the flow-rate accordingly. The true potential of such systems remains to be assessed. 

Pre-approval safety and efficacy clinical studies involved product administration to 2500 adults with either type-1 or -2 diabetes. The primary efficacy parameter measured was glycaemic control (as measured by the reduction from baseline in haemoglobin Ale). Hypoglycaemia was the most commonly reported adverse effect. Trials also showed a greater decline in pulmonary function in the Exubera group, and product should not be administered to patients with underlying lung disease, or to smokers. Exubera was developed by Nektar Inc. and is marketed under licence by Pfizer. 

---